{"id":21233,"date":"2022-03-11T17:34:10","date_gmt":"2022-03-11T17:34:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/tchad\/politique\/comment-sortir-lafrique-de-sa-dependance-aux-cereales-importees"},"modified":"2022-03-11T17:54:18","modified_gmt":"2022-03-11T17:54:18","slug":"comment-sortir-lafrique-de-sa-dependance-aux-cereales-importees","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/tchad\/economie\/comment-sortir-lafrique-de-sa-dependance-aux-cereales-importees","title":{"rendered":"Comment sortir l\u2019Afrique de sa d\u00e9pendance aux c\u00e9r\u00e9ales import\u00e9es"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Tchad. <\/strong><\/span>Le mil et le sorgho africains ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9laiss\u00e9s au profit du riz asiatique et du bl\u00e9 europ\u00e9en, accentuant la d\u00e9pendance du continent aux importations, et l\u2019exposant aux fluctuations des cours sur les march\u00e9s mondiaux. Un ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne encore exacerb\u00e9 par l\u2019inflation et les cons\u00e9quences de la guerre en Ukraine. D\u00e9cryptage d\u2019une d\u00e9pendance et des pistes pour en sortir.<\/p>\n

L\u2019incertitude cr\u00e9\u00e9e par la guerre en Europe a provoqu\u00e9 une flamb\u00e9e in\u00e9dite des cours des c\u00e9r\u00e9ales, dont l\u2019Ukraine et la Russie comptent parmi les principaux exportateurs vers le continent. Quelles r\u00e9percussions aura l\u2019embargo impos\u00e9 \u00e0 Moscou sur les hydrocarbures par Washington ? Et si Bruxelles suivait ? Faute de visibilit\u00e9, les march\u00e9s internationaux paniquent, et les cours s\u2019envolent. Le 7 mars, la tonne de bl\u00e9 tendre sur le march\u00e9 \u00e0 terme a atteint 422,5 euros, soit plus du double de son prix un an auparavant. Pour l\u2019Afrique, qui consomme de plus en plus de c\u00e9r\u00e9ales import\u00e9es, c\u2019est une catastrophe en germe, d\u2019autant que l\u2019inflation est de retour.<\/p>\n

En 2008 et 2009, le continent avait pay\u00e9 au prix fort l\u2019envol\u00e9e des cours des c\u00e9r\u00e9ales, et plusieurs pays avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 le th\u00e9\u00e2tre de ces \u00ab \u00e9meutes de la faim \u00bb. En Afrique de l\u2019Ouest, particuli\u00e8rement touch\u00e9e, les gouvernements avaient r\u00e9agi en lan\u00e7ant de vastes programmes visant \u00e0 assurer l\u2019autosuffisance alimentaire, multipliant les initiatives tous azimuts pour d\u00e9velopper les fili\u00e8res rizicoles locales. Plus de dix ans apr\u00e8s, les r\u00e9sultats sont cependant encore \u00ab mitig\u00e9s \u00bb, juge Patricio Mendez del Villar, sp\u00e9cialiste en \u00e9conomie internationale sur le riz au Centre de coop\u00e9ration internationale en recherche agronomique pour le d\u00e9veloppement (Cirad). Il estime notamment que ces politiques \u00ab ont manqu\u00e9 de coh\u00e9rence et de constance, et sont le reflet d\u2019une vision un peu trop \u201curbaine\u201d, \u00e9loign\u00e9e des r\u00e9alit\u00e9s locales \u00bb.<\/p>\n

Mil, sorgho et fonio : l\u2019alternative<\/b><\/p>\n

Le chercheur du Cirad plaide au contraire pour diversifier la r\u00e9ponse et ne pas tout miser sur l\u2019agro-industrie rizicole. \u00ab C\u2019est une erreur de penser que des investissements lourds dans les infrastructures pour intensifier la riziculture et am\u00e9liorer la qualit\u00e9 de la transformation peuvent suffire \u00e0 mettre en valeur les \u00e9normes ressources agricoles dont dispose le continent africain, et assurer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire \u00bb, r\u00e9sume-t-il.<\/p>\n

L\u2019Afrique poss\u00e8de en effet des vari\u00e9t\u00e9s des c\u00e9r\u00e9ales \u2013 dites \u00ab indig\u00e8nes \u00bb \u2013 tels que le mil, le sorgho, le fonio ou encore le teff, dont les qualit\u00e9s nutritives n\u2019ont rien \u00e0 envier aux graines occidentales ou asiatiques. Ces derni\u00e8res se sont impos\u00e9es dans les habitudes alimentaires lors de la p\u00e9riode coloniale, et ont ensuite profit\u00e9 de politiques volontaristes, pour ne pas dire agressives, de la part des pays exportateurs. Une concurrence d\u00e9loyale qui, dans le cas du bl\u00e9 europ\u00e9en, a \u00e9t\u00e9 aliment\u00e9e par les subventions massives accord\u00e9es aux grands c\u00e9r\u00e9aliers dans le cadre de la politique agricole commune.<\/p>\n

Pourtant, les semences traditionnelles apparaissent plus adapt\u00e9es aux \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes secs, qui couvrent 45 % du continent. Au-del\u00e0 des derniers soubresauts des march\u00e9s internationaux, elles pourraient aussi se r\u00e9v\u00e9ler strat\u00e9giques dans l\u2019adaptation aux effets du d\u00e9r\u00e8glements climatiques et dans la lutte contre l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire.<\/p>\n

Ainsi, le Groupe d\u2019experts intergouvernemental sur l\u2019\u00e9volution du climat (Giec), dans son rapport du 28 f\u00e9vrier, met avant les communaut\u00e9s locales africaines qui ont d\u2019ores et d\u00e9j\u00e0 converti leurs champs de ma\u00efs pour y planter du sorgho et du mil afin de pallier le manque de pluie. L\u2019Institut international de recherche sur les cultures des zones tropicales semi-arides (Icrisat) en a \u00e9galement fait son cheval de bataille, et milite, au travers de son programme \u00ab Smart Food \u00bb lanc\u00e9 en 2013, pour les remettre au go\u00fbt du jour via l\u2019\u00e9ducation, la recherche et m\u00eame des \u00e9missions culinaires, comme le Smart Food Reality Show diffus\u00e9 depuis 2017 au Kenya.<\/p>\n

Comment les habitudes alimentaires des Africains ont-elles \u00e9volu\u00e9 ? Quelle est l\u2019ampleur de la d\u00e9pendance du continent aux c\u00e9r\u00e9ales import\u00e9es ? Pourquoi les c\u00e9r\u00e9ales rustiques ont-elles \u00e9t\u00e9 si n\u00e9glig\u00e9es ? Et comment faire pour renverser la tendance ? D\u00e9cryptage et pistes de solutions en infographie.<\/p>\n

Pour plus d’informations et d’analyses sur la Tchad<\/a>, suivez Africa-Press<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Tchad. Le mil et le sorgho africains ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9laiss\u00e9s au profit du riz asiatique et du bl\u00e9 europ\u00e9en, accentuant la d\u00e9pendance du continent aux importations, et l\u2019exposant aux fluctuations des cours sur les march\u00e9s mondiaux. Un ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne encore exacerb\u00e9 par l\u2019inflation et les cons\u00e9quences de la guerre en Ukraine. D\u00e9cryptage d\u2019une d\u00e9pendance […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":21232,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,11,10],"tags":[37,292,29],"class_list":["post-21233","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-economie","category-homepage-french","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-africa-press","tag-africa-press-tchad","tag-tchad"],"yoast_head":"\nComment sortir l\u2019Afrique de sa d\u00e9pendance aux c\u00e9r\u00e9ales import\u00e9es - tchad<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le mil et le sorgho africains ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9laiss\u00e9s au profit du riz asiatique et du bl\u00e9 europ\u00e9en, accentuant la d\u00e9pendance ...\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/tchad\/economie\/comment-sortir-lafrique-de-sa-dependance-aux-cereales-importees\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Comment sortir l\u2019Afrique de sa d\u00e9pendance aux c\u00e9r\u00e9ales import\u00e9es\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Le mil et le sorgho africains ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9laiss\u00e9s au profit du riz asiatique et du bl\u00e9 europ\u00e9en, accentuant la d\u00e9pendance ...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/tchad\/economie\/comment-sortir-lafrique-de-sa-dependance-aux-cereales-importees\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"tchad\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-03-11T17:34:10+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-03-11T17:54:18+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/static.africa-press.net\/tchad\/sites\/41\/2022\/03\/img-622b8caacdeab.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"720\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"360\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"cfeditorfr\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"cfeditorfr\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/tchad\/economie\/comment-sortir-lafrique-de-sa-dependance-aux-cereales-importees#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/tchad\/economie\/comment-sortir-lafrique-de-sa-dependance-aux-cereales-importees\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"cfeditorfr\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/tchad\/#\/schema\/person\/2b1cf3cd81a31e3cd26889ca66d677f1\"},\"headline\":\"Comment sortir l\u2019Afrique de sa d\u00e9pendance aux c\u00e9r\u00e9ales import\u00e9es\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-03-11T17:34:10+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-03-11T17:54:18+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/tchad\/economie\/comment-sortir-lafrique-de-sa-dependance-aux-cereales-importees\"},\"wordCount\":766,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/tchad\/economie\/comment-sortir-lafrique-de-sa-dependance-aux-cereales-importees#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/static.africa-press.net\/tchad\/sites\/41\/2022\/03\/img-622b8caacdeab.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Africa Press\",\"Africa Press-Tchad\",\"Tchad\"],\"articleSection\":[\"\u00c9conomie\",\"homepage-french\",\"Toutes les actualit\u00e9s\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/tchad\/economie\/comment-sortir-lafrique-de-sa-dependance-aux-cereales-importees#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/tchad\/economie\/comment-sortir-lafrique-de-sa-dependance-aux-cereales-importees\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/tchad\/economie\/comment-sortir-lafrique-de-sa-dependance-aux-cereales-importees\",\"name\":\"Comment sortir l\u2019Afrique de sa d\u00e9pendance aux c\u00e9r\u00e9ales import\u00e9es - 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