{"id":3552,"date":"2021-03-17T17:28:47","date_gmt":"2021-03-17T17:28:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/tchad\/?p=3552"},"modified":"2021-03-17T17:20:47","modified_gmt":"2021-03-17T17:20:47","slug":"mines-petrole-les-etats-africains-aux-mains-des-traders","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/tchad\/homepage-french\/mines-petrole-les-etats-africains-aux-mains-des-traders","title":{"rendered":"Mines, p\u00e9trole\u00a0: les \u00c9tats africains aux mains des traders\u00a0?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press<\/a> – Tchad<\/a>. <\/strong><\/span>Utilis\u00e9s par Glencore, Gynvor ou encore Trafigura, les pr\u00e9paiements de mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res ont men\u00e9 le Congo et le Tchad au bord du pr\u00e9cipice, estime le FMI. Pour les professionnels du secteur, cette pratique \u00ab vieille de plusieurs si\u00e8cles \u00bb a pourtant de beaux jours devant elle.<\/p>\n

Le n\u00e9gociant suisse Trafigura a beau affirmer, par la voix de son directeur financier, Christophe Salmon, que \u00ab le pr\u00e9paiement de mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res est un outil vieux de plusieurs si\u00e8cles \u00bb, \u00e9voquant son utilisation par les marchands de Venise du XVIIe si\u00e8cle, ceux que le groupe suisse et trois autres g\u00e9ants du trading \u2013 ses compatriotes Glencore et Gunvor et Vitol \u2013 ont conclu ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es sur le continent font pol\u00e9mique.<\/p>\n

Le principe de ces deals est simple : il s\u2019agit d\u2019un pr\u00eat octroy\u00e9 par un n\u00e9gociant, qui lui est rembours\u00e9 \u2013 pour le principal comme pour les int\u00e9r\u00eats \u2013 \u00ab en nature \u00bb par des cargaisons de p\u00e9trole ou de minerais, tir\u00e9es de la production future du contractant, en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral un \u00c9tat ou la compagnie nationale extractive. C\u2019est le n\u00e9gociant \u2013 et non pas l\u2019emprunteur \u2013 qui structure le cr\u00e9dit pour l\u2019op\u00e9ration, profitant de ses bonnes relations avec les banquiers de Gen\u00e8ve, Londres, Paris o\u00f9 New-York, o\u00f9 sa r\u00e9putation n\u2019est plus \u00e0 faire.<\/p>\n

Argent frais pour budgets exsangues<\/b><\/p>\n

Probl\u00e8me, pour certains gouvernements africains aux finances publiques exsangues, persona non-grata chez les banquiers internationaux mais dot\u00e9s d\u2019un sous-sol attractif, la perspective d\u2019argent frais pour renflouer rapidement les caisses peut amener \u00e0 aggraver leur endettement au-del\u00e0 du raisonnable, notamment en cas de fluctuation des prix de mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res concern\u00e9es pendant la dur\u00e9e du pr\u00eat.<\/p>\n

C\u2019est ce qui arriv\u00e9 apr\u00e8s la chute drastique des cours du baril de Brent en juillet 2014 au Congo Brazzaville et au Tchad, o\u00f9 la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 nationale des p\u00e9troles du Congo (SNPC) et la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 des Hydrocarbures du Tchad (SHT) avaient respectivement sign\u00e9 de tels accords de pr\u00e9paiements avec de grandes maisons de n\u00e9goce.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Tchad. Utilis\u00e9s par Glencore, Gynvor ou encore Trafigura, les pr\u00e9paiements de mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res ont men\u00e9 le Congo et le Tchad au bord du pr\u00e9cipice, estime le FMI. Pour les professionnels du secteur, cette pratique \u00ab vieille de plusieurs si\u00e8cles \u00bb a pourtant de beaux jours devant elle. Le n\u00e9gociant suisse Trafigura a beau […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":3549,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,3,11,2,20,10],"tags":[37,292,29],"class_list":["post-3552","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dossiers","category-economie","category-homepage-french","category-politique","category-top-nouvelles","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-africa-press","tag-africa-press-tchad","tag-tchad"],"yoast_head":"\nMines, p\u00e9trole\u00a0: les \u00c9tats africains aux mains des traders\u00a0? - tchad<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Utilis\u00e9s par Glencore, Gynvor ou encore Trafigura, les pr\u00e9paiements de mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res ont men\u00e9 le Congo et le Tchad ...\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/tchad\/homepage-french\/mines-petrole-les-etats-africains-aux-mains-des-traders\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Mines, p\u00e9trole\u00a0: les \u00c9tats africains aux mains des traders\u00a0?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Utilis\u00e9s par Glencore, Gynvor ou encore Trafigura, les pr\u00e9paiements de mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res ont men\u00e9 le Congo et le Tchad ...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/tchad\/homepage-french\/mines-petrole-les-etats-africains-aux-mains-des-traders\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"tchad\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-03-17T17:28:47+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/static.africa-press.net\/tchad\/sites\/41\/2021\/03\/img-605237ce03ab7.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"720\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"360\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"cfeditorfr\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"cfeditorfr\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/tchad\/homepage-french\/mines-petrole-les-etats-africains-aux-mains-des-traders#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/tchad\/homepage-french\/mines-petrole-les-etats-africains-aux-mains-des-traders\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"cfeditorfr\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/tchad\/#\/schema\/person\/2b1cf3cd81a31e3cd26889ca66d677f1\"},\"headline\":\"Mines, p\u00e9trole\u00a0: les \u00c9tats africains aux mains des traders\u00a0?\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-03-17T17:28:47+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/tchad\/homepage-french\/mines-petrole-les-etats-africains-aux-mains-des-traders\"},\"wordCount\":372,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/tchad\/homepage-french\/mines-petrole-les-etats-africains-aux-mains-des-traders#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/static.africa-press.net\/tchad\/sites\/41\/2021\/03\/img-605237ce03ab7.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Africa Press\",\"Africa Press-Tchad\",\"Tchad\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Dossiers\",\"\u00c9conomie\",\"homepage-french\",\"Politique\",\"Top Nouvelles\",\"Toutes les actualit\u00e9s\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/tchad\/homepage-french\/mines-petrole-les-etats-africains-aux-mains-des-traders#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/tchad\/homepage-french\/mines-petrole-les-etats-africains-aux-mains-des-traders\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/tchad\/homepage-french\/mines-petrole-les-etats-africains-aux-mains-des-traders\",\"name\":\"Mines, p\u00e9trole\u00a0: les \u00c9tats africains aux mains des traders\u00a0? 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