{"id":35964,"date":"2022-12-01T17:23:53","date_gmt":"2022-12-01T17:23:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/tchad\/politique\/benjamin-roche-proteger-la-biodiversite-cest-diminuer-le-risque-epidemique"},"modified":"2022-12-01T17:33:45","modified_gmt":"2022-12-01T17:33:45","slug":"benjamin-roche-proteger-la-biodiversite-cest-diminuer-le-risque-epidemique","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/tchad\/toutes-les-actualites\/benjamin-roche-proteger-la-biodiversite-cest-diminuer-le-risque-epidemique","title":{"rendered":"Benjamin Roche\u00a0: \u201cProt\u00e9ger la biodiversit\u00e9, c\u2019est diminuer le risque \u00e9pid\u00e9mique\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Tchad. <\/strong><\/span>Benjamin Roche est directeur de recherche a\u0300 l\u2019Institut de recherche pour le de\u0301veloppement (IRD). Egalement l\u2019un des principaux architectes de l\u2019initiative Prezode (Preventing Zoonotic Diseases Emergence), qui vise a\u0300 pre\u0301venir les zoonoses a\u0300 l\u2019e\u0301chelle internationale, il sera l\u2019un des intervenants de l\u2019e\u0301ve\u0301nement \u201cSante\u0301 Globale\u201d. Cette journe\u0301e de confe\u0301rence est organise\u0301e a\u0300 Strasbourg le 25 novembre 2022 par Sciences et Avenir \u2013 La Recherche. L\u2019inscription est gratuite, et obligatoire. Elle se fait en ligne, a\u0300 l\u2019adresse www.lesrencontressanteglobale.fr.<\/p>\n

\u201cUn e\u0301cosyste\u0300me diversifie\u0301 en matie\u0300re d\u2019espe\u0300ces peut freiner le de\u0301veloppement d\u2019une e\u0301pide\u0301mie\u201d<\/p>\n

Sciences et Avenir : Est-ce un effet de loupe me\u0301diatique ou les e\u0301pide\u0301mies sont re\u0301ellement de plus en plus nombreuses ?<\/p>\n

Benjamin Roche : Oui, on en enregistre quatre fois plus aujourd\u2019hui que dans les anne\u0301es 1970. Et parmi ces maladies e\u0301mergentes, 75 % sont des zoonoses, c\u2019est-a\u0300-dire dues a\u0300 un agent pathoge\u0300ne \u2013 virus, bacte\u0301rie, ou parasite \u2013 qui se transmet de l\u2019animal a\u0300 l\u2019humain. Le principal facteur explicatif, c\u2019est l\u2019impact des activite\u0301s humaines sur la nature. Quand un e\u0301cosyste\u0300me est diversifie\u0301 en matie\u0300re d\u2019espe\u0300ces, il peut freiner le de\u0301veloppement d\u2019une e\u0301pide\u0301mie, puisque toutes les espe\u0300ces animales ne sont pas capables de transmettre l\u2019ensemble des virus. En perdant de cette biodiversite\u0301, les barrie\u0300res tombent et les agents pathoge\u0300nes circulent beaucoup plus.<\/p>\n

A\u0300 quoi est due cette perte aujourd\u2019hui ?<\/p>\n

La cause principale est la de\u0301forestation. En plus de la destruction d\u2019espe\u0300ces, la diminution des surfaces de fore\u0302t renforce la proximite\u0301 de l\u2019humain et des animaux sauvages, ce qui favorise la propagation des maladies. Celles-ci gagnent tre\u0300s rapidement toutes les re\u0301gions du monde car la circulation internationale ne laisse plus le temps de les contro\u0302ler. On l\u2019a bien vu avec l\u2019e\u0301pide\u0301mie de coronavirus : on est passe\u0301s d\u2019une dizaine de cas de pneumonie atypique en Chine en de\u0301cembre 2019 a\u0300 la quasi-totalite\u0301 du monde en confinement, trois mois plus tard.<\/p>\n

Benjamin Roche (NANDA GONZAGUE \/ TRANSIT)<\/p>\n

\u201cOn estime qu\u2019il existe 500.000 a\u0300 800.000 espe\u0300ces de virus qui peuvent toucher l\u2019humain et qu\u2019on ne connai\u0302t pas\u201d<\/p>\n

Comment peut-on se prote\u0301ger des pande\u0301mies a\u0300 venir ?<\/p>\n

Il y a trois niveaux d\u2019analyse. Quand le virus est la\u0300, il faut avoir les outils : vaccins, the\u0301rapies, etc. Mais a\u0300 partir du moment ou\u0300 il s\u2019est propage\u0301, on sait qu\u2019il y aura des de\u0301ga\u0302ts sur les plans humain et e\u0301conomique. C\u2019est de\u0301ja\u0300 trop tard. Ce qui nous ame\u0300ne au second impe\u0301ratif : se pre\u0301parer. On sait que de nouvelles pande\u0301mies arrivent. Il faut pre\u0301venir l\u2019e\u0301volution et la transmission en ayant des plans d\u2019actions quand une maladie e\u0301merge. Le de\u0301veloppement de nouveaux vaccins en fait aussi partie.<\/p>\n

Et puis, reste enfin la pre\u0301vention. Puisque les e\u0301pide\u0301mies apparaissent parce que l\u2019on perd en biodiversite\u0301, il faut prote\u0301ger les e\u0301cosyste\u0300mes. Mais tout en veillant a\u0300 ne pas oublier les populations riveraines de la fore\u0302t, qui sont souvent contraintes de l\u2019exploiter pour survivre.<\/p>\n

Comment s\u2019organise la recherche autour de ces questions ?<\/p>\n

Aujourd\u2019hui, on estime qu\u2019il existe 500.000 a\u0300 800.000 espe\u0300ces de virus qui peuvent toucher l\u2019humain et qu\u2019on ne connai\u0302t pas. On ne peut donc pas faire un plan de combat pour chaque virus. L\u2019objectif est d\u2019agir sur les facteurs qui favorisent l\u2019e\u0301mergence de ces virus. Il faut orienter la recherche acade\u0301mique vers des proble\u0300mes concrets, la protection des fore\u0302ts, pour produire des connaissances scientifiques qui serviront directement aux ope\u0301rationnels de terrain.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Pour plus d’informations et d’analyses sur la Tchad<\/a>, suivez Africa-Press<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Tchad. Benjamin Roche est directeur de recherche a\u0300 l\u2019Institut de recherche pour le de\u0301veloppement (IRD). Egalement l\u2019un des principaux architectes de l\u2019initiative Prezode (Preventing Zoonotic Diseases Emergence), qui vise a\u0300 pre\u0301venir les zoonoses a\u0300 l\u2019e\u0301chelle internationale, il sera l\u2019un des intervenants de l\u2019e\u0301ve\u0301nement \u201cSante\u0301 Globale\u201d. Cette journe\u0301e de confe\u0301rence est organise\u0301e a\u0300 Strasbourg […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":35963,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,10],"tags":[37,292,29],"class_list":["post-35964","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-divers","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-africa-press","tag-africa-press-tchad","tag-tchad"],"yoast_head":"\nBenjamin Roche\u00a0: \u201cProt\u00e9ger la biodiversit\u00e9, c\u2019est diminuer le risque \u00e9pid\u00e9mique\u201d - tchad<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Benjamin Roche est directeur de recherche a\u0300 l\u2019Institut de recherche pour le de\u0301veloppement (IRD). 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