{"id":52329,"date":"2023-10-15T14:24:28","date_gmt":"2023-10-15T14:24:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/tchad\/politique\/filigranes-et-ecriture-sous-contrainte-protegeront-ils-de-lia"},"modified":"2023-10-15T16:11:49","modified_gmt":"2023-10-15T16:11:49","slug":"filigranes-et-ecriture-sous-contrainte-protegeront-ils-de-lia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/tchad\/toutes-les-actualites\/filigranes-et-ecriture-sous-contrainte-protegeront-ils-de-lia","title":{"rendered":"Filigranes et \u00e9criture sous contrainte prot\u00e9geront-ils de l’IA ?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Tchad. <\/strong><\/span>Gra\u0302ce a\u0300 l’intelligence artificielle, des machines ge\u0301ne\u0300rent textes, images, vide\u0301os ou sons a\u0300 volonte\u0301. Et, ceux-ci ressemblent a\u0300 s’y me\u0301prendre aux e\u0301crits, photos, tableaux, paroles, chants ou musiques de nos conge\u0301ne\u0300res. Pour e\u0301viter la confusion, les ge\u0301ants du nume\u0301rique se sont engage\u0301s lors d’une re\u0301union, tenue le 21 juillet a\u0300 la Maison-Blanche en pre\u0301sence du pre\u0301sident Joe Biden, a\u0300 frapper les productions artificielles d’un sceau inde\u0301le\u0301bile afin de les distinguer des \u0153uvres humaines. A\u0300 l’instar des filigranes sur les billets de banque, il indiquera sans ambigui\u0308te\u0301 leur origine. Il suffit d’inse\u0301rer des informations imperceptibles a\u0300 l’\u0153il nu ou a\u0300 l’e\u0301coute, mais qu’un algorithme peut de\u0301tecter sans difficulte\u0301.<\/p>\n

Une efficacite\u0301 a\u0300 prouver<\/b><\/p>\n

L’usage existe depuis longtemps ; il sert a\u0300 attester de l’authenticite\u0301 ou de la proprie\u0301te\u0301 d’objets nume\u0301riques. Sur les images et les sons, l’ope\u0301ration est rendue possible du fait de la grande redondance d’informations. Pour les textes, la ta\u0302che apparai\u0302t de\u0301licate puisque chaque mot compte ; et que les changements arbitraires sont quasiment impossibles…<\/p>\n

Il n’en demeure pas moins que des travaux actuels s’inspirent de l’e\u0301criture sous contraintes pratique\u0301e par des membres de l’Oulipo – comme Georges Perec avec son roman \u00ab\u00a0La Disparition\u00a0\u00bb ou\u0300 ne figure pas la lettre \u00ab\u00a0e\u00a0\u00bb – ou encore Annie Ernaux, dont le re\u0301cit autobiographique \u00ab\u00a0Les Anne\u0301es\u00a0\u00bb e\u0301vite le pronom personnel \u00ab\u00a0je\u00a0\u00bb pour cacher des messages dans les textes. Ces pratiques renouvellent l’ancienne technique de la ste\u0301ganographie, a\u0300 savoir la dissimulation de secrets dans les textes ou les images.<\/p>\n

Des chercheurs pre\u0301tendent ainsi pouvoir fabriquer des machines qui ge\u0301ne\u0300rent des textes avec une distribution statistique d’unite\u0301s linguistiques diffe\u0301rente de celle que produisent naturellement les humains et facilement repe\u0301rable par une machine. Comment ne pas se re\u0301jouir de ce mariage promis de la poe\u0301sie et de l’IA ge\u0301ne\u0301rative, me\u0302me s’il est permis de douter de son efficacite\u0301 ?<\/p>\n

Par Jean-Gabriel Ganascia<\/b>, professeur a\u0300 Sorbonne Universite\u0301, a\u0300 Paris, chercheur en intelligence artificielle au LIP6 (Sorbonne Universite\u0301, CNRS), ex-pre\u0301sident du comite\u0301 d’e\u0301thique du CNRS. Dernier ouvrage publie\u0301 : \u00ab\u00a0Servitudes virtuelles\u00a0\u00bb, Seuil, 2022.<\/p>\n

Pour plus d’informations et d’analyses sur la Tchad<\/a>, suivez Africa-Press<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Tchad. Gra\u0302ce a\u0300 l’intelligence artificielle, des machines ge\u0301ne\u0300rent textes, images, vide\u0301os ou sons a\u0300 volonte\u0301. Et, ceux-ci ressemblent a\u0300 s’y me\u0301prendre aux e\u0301crits, photos, tableaux, paroles, chants ou musiques de nos conge\u0301ne\u0300res. Pour e\u0301viter la confusion, les ge\u0301ants du nume\u0301rique se sont engage\u0301s lors d’une re\u0301union, tenue le 21 juillet a\u0300 la Maison-Blanche […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":52328,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,10],"tags":[37,292,29],"class_list":["post-52329","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-divers","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-africa-press","tag-africa-press-tchad","tag-tchad"],"yoast_head":"\nFiligranes et \u00e9criture sous contrainte prot\u00e9geront-ils de l'IA ? - tchad<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Gra\u0302ce a\u0300 l'intelligence artificielle, des machines ge\u0301ne\u0300rent textes, images, vide\u0301os ou sons a\u0300 volonte\u0301. 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