{"id":57069,"date":"2024-01-06T16:04:40","date_gmt":"2024-01-06T16:04:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/tchad\/politique\/la-supraconductivite-echauffe-les-esprits"},"modified":"2024-01-06T16:22:39","modified_gmt":"2024-01-06T16:22:39","slug":"la-supraconductivite-echauffe-les-esprits","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/tchad\/toutes-les-actualites\/la-supraconductivite-echauffe-les-esprits","title":{"rendered":"La supraconductivit\u00e9 \u00e9chauffe les esprits"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Tchad. <\/strong><\/span>Un mate\u0301riau capable, a\u0300 tempe\u0301rature ambiante, de conduire du courant sans lui opposer de re\u0301sistance ? Ce serait la perspective de transporter et de stocker l’e\u0301lectricite\u0301 sans aucune perte, ou de multiplier les trains a\u0300 sustentation magne\u0301tique (Maglev) qui, porte\u0301s par un puissant champ magne\u0301tique, ne touchent pas la voie. De quoi susciter le buzz a\u0300 chaque annonce, me\u0302me pre\u0301mature\u0301e ou infonde\u0301e, de la de\u0301couverte d’un nouveau supraconducteur.<\/p>\n

Le LK-99<\/b><\/p>\n

Ainsi, en juillet dernier, des scientifiques sud-core\u0301ens ont-ils pre\u0301sente\u0301 le LK-99, un mate\u0301riau compose\u0301 de cuivre, d’oxyge\u0300ne, de phosphore et de plomb. A\u0300 leurs dires, il n’opposerait pas de re\u0301sistance e\u0301lectrique jusqu’a\u0300 400 kelvins (127 \u00b0C). Un vrai miracle, puisque le record en la matie\u0300re, vieux de trente ans, est de seulement 133 K (environ -140 \u00b0C) a\u0300 la pression ambiante – il s’agit d’un cuprate associant du cuivre, de l’oxyge\u0300ne et d’autres e\u0301le\u0301ments.<\/p>\n

Surpris des performances pre\u0301sume\u0301es du LK-99, des physiciens ont imme\u0301diatement tente\u0301 de le \u00ab\u00a0cuisiner\u00a0\u00bb. Re\u0301sultat: ce nouveau plat core\u0301en est retombe\u0301 comme un souffle\u0301. Ce n’est qu’un isolant ne posse\u0301dant aucune aptitude a\u0300 la supraconductivite\u0301. Et pourtant, l’annonce a fait le tour du monde !<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Un co\u0302te\u0301 un peu magique\u00a0\u00bb<\/b><\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0La supraconductivite\u0301 a un co\u0302te\u0301 un peu magique, et l’inte\u0301re\u0302t qu’il suscite se renforce avec le re\u0301chauffement climatique et le renche\u0301rissement de l’e\u0301lectricite\u0301\u00a0\u00bb, explique Marc-Henri Julien, du Laboratoire national des champs magne\u0301tiques intenses, a\u0300 Grenoble. Aujourd’hui, les supraconducteurs les plus courants sont des alliages me\u0301talliques associant du titane a\u0300 du niobium ou a\u0300 de l’e\u0301tain, refroidis a\u0300 l’he\u0301lium liquide autour de -270 \u00b0C. On peut en faire des ca\u0302bles, par exemple pour construire de puissants e\u0301lectroaimants pour l’imagerie me\u0301dicale (IRM), la physique des particules ou les Maglev. C’est aussi la technologie retenue pour les aimants de confinement magne\u0301tique du futur re\u0301acteur expe\u0301rimental sur la fusion (Iter), en construction en France, qui pourront cre\u0301er un champ de 10 teslas.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Aux E\u0301tats-Unis, reprend Marc-Henri Julien, la start-up de fusion CFS et le Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) ont produit un champ deux fois plus intense. Cela permet de diviser par seize le volume de confinement ! \u00a0\u00bb C’est dire les enjeux que portent ces mate\u0301riaux et la compre\u0301hension de leur fonctionnement…<\/p>\n

Pour le chercheur, il ne fait gue\u0300re de doute qu’on disposera un jour de mate\u0301riaux supraconducteurs utilisables a\u0300 la tempe\u0301rature ambiante. \u00ab\u00a0En revanche, personne n’a ide\u0301e de l’e\u0301chelle de temps. Il faut continuer a\u0300 chercher, mais sans compter dessus pour re\u0301soudre nos proble\u0300mes urgents de transition e\u0301nerge\u0301tique !\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

Pour plus d’informations et d’analyses sur la Tchad<\/a>, suivez Africa-Press<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Tchad. Un mate\u0301riau capable, a\u0300 tempe\u0301rature ambiante, de conduire du courant sans lui opposer de re\u0301sistance ? Ce serait la perspective de transporter et de stocker l’e\u0301lectricite\u0301 sans aucune perte, ou de multiplier les trains a\u0300 sustentation magne\u0301tique (Maglev) qui, porte\u0301s par un puissant champ magne\u0301tique, ne touchent pas la voie. De quoi […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":57068,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,10],"tags":[37,292,29],"class_list":["post-57069","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-divers","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-africa-press","tag-africa-press-tchad","tag-tchad"],"yoast_head":"\nLa supraconductivit\u00e9 \u00e9chauffe les esprits - tchad<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Un mate\u0301riau capable, a\u0300 tempe\u0301rature ambiante, de conduire du courant sans lui opposer de re\u0301sistance ? 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