{"id":58887,"date":"2024-02-10T18:33:36","date_gmt":"2024-02-10T18:33:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/tchad\/politique\/des-implants-cerebraux-pour-reparer-les-humains"},"modified":"2024-02-10T19:20:33","modified_gmt":"2024-02-10T19:20:33","slug":"des-implants-cerebraux-pour-reparer-les-humains","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/tchad\/toutes-les-actualites\/des-implants-cerebraux-pour-reparer-les-humains","title":{"rendered":"Des implants c\u00e9r\u00e9braux pour r\u00e9parer les humains"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Tchad. <\/strong><\/span>Le cerveau n’est plus une boi\u0302te noire. Non seulement les scientifiques sont de\u0301sormais capables de le \u00ab\u00a0lire\u00a0\u00bb, mais ils peuvent e\u0301galement modifier son activite\u0301. Ceci, a\u0300 l’aide de dispositifs implante\u0301s qui en stimulent des re\u0301gions spe\u0301cifiques avec des courants e\u0301lectriques. Les objectifs sont aussi divers qu’ambitieux: traiter des maladies comme la de\u0301pression ou la maladie de Parkinson, ame\u0301liorer la me\u0301moire, ou me\u0302me… redonner la parole a\u0300 des personnes qui l’ont perdue, notamment suite a\u0300 un AVC, en de\u0301codant ce qu’elles veulent dire.<\/p>\n

Cette dernie\u0300re de\u0301cennie, le de\u0301veloppement de ces implants ce\u0301re\u0301braux s’est acce\u0301le\u0301re\u0301 de fac\u0327on vertigineuse. De\u0301sormais, les chercheurs s’attellent a\u0300 une nouvelle ta\u0302che: connecter le cerveau a\u0300 des machines situe\u0301es a\u0300 l’exte\u0301rieur du corps. Ces interfaces cerveau-machine, actuellement en phase de test, visent a\u0300 redonner de la mobilite\u0301 a\u0300 des personnes paralyse\u0301es en leur permettant de contro\u0302ler par l’esprit des fauteuils roulants ou des prothe\u0300ses.<\/p>\n

Clinatec a fourni l’exemple le plus abouti<\/b><\/p>\n

L’exemple le plus abouti a e\u0301te\u0301 mis au point a\u0300 Grenoble par des scientifiques du centre de recherches Clinatec. Gra\u0302ce a\u0300 leur implant, qui de\u0301crypte l’activite\u0301 du cortex moteur, un patient te\u0301traple\u0301gique a re\u0301ussi en 2019 a\u0300 remarcher en \u00ab\u00a0conduisant\u00a0\u00bb par l’esprit un exosquelette. Quatre ans plus tard, ce me\u0302me implant a permis un nouvel exploit: une personne paralyse\u0301e a pu contro\u0302ler elle-me\u0302me ses membres.<\/p>\n

Au lieu de connecter le cerveau avec une machine exte\u0301rieure au corps, il envoie les \u00ab\u00a0ordres\u00a0\u00bb de l’utilisateur a\u0300 un deuxie\u0300me implant, localise\u0301 sur sa moelle e\u0301pinie\u0300re. Ce deuxie\u0300me dispositif transforme ces messages en stimuli e\u0301lectriques qui re\u0301activent les nerfs contro\u0302lant les bras ou les jambes, redonnant de la mobilite\u0301 a\u0300 des personnes paralyse\u0301es a\u0300 cause d’un traumatisme de la colonne verte\u0301brale.<\/p>\n

Une connexion cerveau-machine plus rapide et pre\u0301cise<\/b><\/p>\n

Et les avance\u0301es dans le domaine promettent de se multiplier, avec un grand nombre d’implants en cours d’e\u0301tude. Le plus connu est sans doute celui conc\u0327u par Neuralink, l’entreprise du milliardaire Elon Musk. Il posse\u0300de dix fois plus d’e\u0301lectrodes que celles utilise\u0301es jusqu’a\u0300 pre\u0301sent, ce qui pourrait rendre la connexion cerveau-machine plus rapide et pre\u0301cise. Neuralink a annonce\u0301 avoir pose\u0301 le premier implant sur un patient, en janvier 2024. Ses capacite\u0301s re\u0301elles devraient donc biento\u0302t e\u0302tre connues. Sachant que, selon Musk, l’objectif a\u0300 long terme est de connecter cerveau et intelligence artificielle. Une possibilite\u0301 tre\u0300s lointaine, selon les experts du domaine… mais moins improbable qu’il y a dix ans.<\/p>\n

Pour plus d’informations et d’analyses sur la Tchad<\/a>, suivez Africa-Press<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Tchad. Le cerveau n’est plus une boi\u0302te noire. Non seulement les scientifiques sont de\u0301sormais capables de le \u00ab\u00a0lire\u00a0\u00bb, mais ils peuvent e\u0301galement modifier son activite\u0301. Ceci, a\u0300 l’aide de dispositifs implante\u0301s qui en stimulent des re\u0301gions spe\u0301cifiques avec des courants e\u0301lectriques. Les objectifs sont aussi divers qu’ambitieux: traiter des maladies comme la de\u0301pression […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":58886,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,10],"tags":[37,292,29],"class_list":["post-58887","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-divers","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-africa-press","tag-africa-press-tchad","tag-tchad"],"yoast_head":"\nDes implants c\u00e9r\u00e9braux pour r\u00e9parer les humains - tchad<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le cerveau n'est plus une boi\u0302te noire. 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