{"id":58976,"date":"2024-02-13T13:53:35","date_gmt":"2024-02-13T13:53:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/tchad\/politique\/biomimetisme-quand-la-fourmi-inspire-de-nouveaux-instruments-de-chirurgie"},"modified":"2024-02-13T14:30:51","modified_gmt":"2024-02-13T14:30:51","slug":"biomimetisme-quand-la-fourmi-inspire-de-nouveaux-instruments-de-chirurgie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/tchad\/toutes-les-actualites\/biomimetisme-quand-la-fourmi-inspire-de-nouveaux-instruments-de-chirurgie","title":{"rendered":"Biomim\u00e9tisme : quand la fourmi inspire de nouveaux instruments de chirurgie"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Tchad. <\/strong><\/span>L’endoscopie est un acte chirurgical tre\u0300s minutieux. S’il e\u0301vite d’inciser les parois et permet de re\u0301aliser des interventions a\u0300 l’inte\u0301rieur des organes, il ne\u0301cessite de manipuler des petits instruments chirurgicaux dans un espace tre\u0300s restreint. Par exemple, une aiguille pour re\u0301aliser une biopsie ou suturer des le\u0301sions. Mais, l’instrument qui tient l’aiguille doit e\u0302tre suffisamment re\u0301duit et maniable tout en demeurant suffisamment puissant pour l’agripper fermement.<\/p>\n

Une inspiration venue de la ma\u0302choire de la fourmi rouge Formica rufa<\/b><\/p>\n

Une douzaine de porte-aiguilles sont actuellement disponibles dans le commerce. Mais aucun n’est comparable dans sa conception a\u0300 celles mises au point par une e\u0301quipe de chercheurs allemands.<\/p>\n

En effet, les mode\u0300les qu’ils de\u0301crivent dans un article du PNAS du 12 fe\u0301vrier 2024 pre\u0301sentent l’originalite\u0301 de s’inspirer de la ma\u0302choire de la fourmi rouge Formica rufa. Expertes a\u0300 attraper fermement leurs proies comme a\u0300 manipuler de\u0301licatement leurs \u0153ufs, les ma\u0302choires de la fourmi sont une merveille d’innovation biologique. A la diffe\u0301rence d’autres insectes, les fourmis rouges sont capables de faire bouger leurs mandibules selon diffe\u0301rents axes de rotation leur permettant ainsi d’accomplir quantite\u0301 de ta\u0302ches avec une pre\u0301cision extre\u0302me.<\/p>\n

S’inspirant d’une observation minutieuse de ce mode\u0300le biologique et aide\u0301s par la mise au point de mode\u0300les imprime\u0301s en 3D, les scientifiques ont pu de\u0301velopper trois nouveaux types de porte-aiguilles. Jusqu’a\u0300 400% plus puissants que ce qui se fait actuellement, ces prototypes permettent de tenir fermement l’aiguille tout en la manipulant de\u0301licatement.<\/p>\n

Des applications a\u0300 venir dans la robotique ?<\/b><\/p>\n

Seulement, ces instruments n’existent pour le moment qu’a\u0300 l’e\u0301tat expe\u0301rimental. Ils doivent encore e\u0302tre teste\u0301s en condition re\u0301elle dans des proce\u0301dures chirurgicales pour tester de leurs efficacite\u0301s.<\/p>\n

Les chercheurs sont bien conscients que ces pinces d’inspiration biologique seraient bien plus complexes a\u0300 fabriquer que les mode\u0300les de base utilise\u0301s actuellement qui ne ne\u0301cessitent qu’un bras mobile en rotation autour d’un axe central. Ne\u0301anmoins, ils restent confiants que les progre\u0300s actuels de l’impression 3D et des fraiseuses nume\u0301riques faciliteront grandement la mise en production de ces nouveaux porte-aiguilles.<\/p>\n

L’e\u0301quipe de chercheurs spe\u0301cule que leurs mode\u0300les de ma\u0302choires pourraient e\u0301galement trouver d’autres applications. Par exemple, en robotique, en me\u0301catronique ou en micro-assemblage.<\/p>\n

Pour plus d’informations et d’analyses sur la Tchad<\/a>, suivez Africa-Press<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Tchad. L’endoscopie est un acte chirurgical tre\u0300s minutieux. S’il e\u0301vite d’inciser les parois et permet de re\u0301aliser des interventions a\u0300 l’inte\u0301rieur des organes, il ne\u0301cessite de manipuler des petits instruments chirurgicaux dans un espace tre\u0300s restreint. Par exemple, une aiguille pour re\u0301aliser une biopsie ou suturer des le\u0301sions. Mais, l’instrument qui tient l’aiguille […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":58975,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,10],"tags":[37,292,29],"class_list":["post-58976","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-divers","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-africa-press","tag-africa-press-tchad","tag-tchad"],"yoast_head":"\nBiomim\u00e9tisme : quand la fourmi inspire de nouveaux instruments de chirurgie - tchad<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"L'endoscopie est un acte chirurgical tre\u0300s minutieux. 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