{"id":59048,"date":"2024-02-15T16:56:21","date_gmt":"2024-02-15T16:56:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/tchad\/politique\/comment-le-tabac-perturbe-le-systeme-immunitaire-sur-le-long-terme"},"modified":"2024-02-15T17:20:08","modified_gmt":"2024-02-15T17:20:08","slug":"comment-le-tabac-perturbe-le-systeme-immunitaire-sur-le-long-terme","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/tchad\/toutes-les-actualites\/comment-le-tabac-perturbe-le-systeme-immunitaire-sur-le-long-terme","title":{"rendered":"Comment le tabac perturbe le syst\u00e8me immunitaire sur le long terme"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Tchad. <\/strong><\/span>\u00ab\u00a0Le tabagisme modifie le syste\u0300me immunitaire qui re\u0301agit alors tout a\u0300 fait diffe\u0301remment, et ce, sur le long terme\u00a0\u00bb, re\u0301sume Darragh Duffy. Responsable de l\u2019unite\u0301 Immunologie translationnelle a\u0300 l\u2019Institut Pasteur, il est le dernier auteur d\u2019une nouvelle e\u0301tude analysant les effets du tabagisme sur les me\u0301canismes du syste\u0300me immunitaire. Il ajoute: \u00ab\u00a0Ces travaux partent d\u2019un questionnement: pourquoi l\u2019immunite\u0301 de deux individus peut-elle e\u0302tre si diffe\u0301rente ?\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n

On connaissait de\u0301ja\u0300 l\u2019influence d\u2019autres facteurs sur la re\u0301ponse immunitaire aux attaques microbiennes: l\u2019a\u0302ge, le sexe ou les ge\u0300nes par exemple. Et la liste s\u2019allonge avec les nouvelles de\u0301couvertes des chercheurs de l\u2019Institut Pasteur. Pour parvenir a\u0300 ces re\u0301sultats, ils ont analyse\u0301 le syste\u0300me immunitaire d\u2019un millier d\u2019individus. Leur e\u0301tude a e\u0301te\u0301 publie\u0301e dans la revue Nature.<\/p>\n

Tabagisme, IMC et cytome\u0301galovirus<\/b><\/p>\n

De nombreuses cellules immunitaires communiquent entre elles gra\u0302ce a\u0300 une prote\u0301ine qu\u2019elles se\u0301cre\u0300tent: la cytokine. Les taux de cette prote\u0301ine dans le sang sont donc de bons indicateurs de la qualite\u0301 de la re\u0301ponse immunitaire.<\/p>\n

Pour mesurer ce niveau de cytokine, les chercheurs ont d\u2019abord pre\u0301leve\u0301 des e\u0301chantillons sanguins chez les 1000 individus enro\u0302le\u0301s dans la cohorte baptise\u0301e \u00ab\u00a0Milieu Inte\u0301rieur\u00a0\u00bb. Ensuite, les pre\u0301le\u0300vements ont e\u0301te\u0301 expose\u0301s a\u0300 une grande diversite\u0301 de microbes, notamment des virus et bacte\u0301ries. Cette confrontation leur a permis d\u2019observer la re\u0301action du syste\u0300me immunitaire, via la mesure des niveaux de cytokines. Leurs analyses ont mis en e\u0301vidence des re\u0301actions tre\u0300s varie\u0301es.<\/p>\n

Mais quels facteurs diffe\u0301rencient les individus a\u0300 la re\u0301ponse immunitaire faible et d\u2019autres volontaires pour qui, au contraire, elle apparai\u0302t tre\u0300s forte ? Trois variables se de\u0301tachent du lot: le tabagisme, l\u2019indice de masse corporelle (IMC) et l\u2019infection latente au cytome\u0301galovirus, souvent asymptomatique. \u00ab\u00a0Ces trois facteurs pourraient avoir autant d’influence sur certaines re\u0301ponses immunitaires que l’a\u0302ge, le sexe ou les variables ge\u0301ne\u0301tiques\u00a0\u00bb, souligne Darragh Duffy.<\/p>\n

Une re\u0301ponse inflammatoire accrue<\/b><\/p>\n

Les chercheurs ont mis en e\u0301vidence deux particularite\u0301s dans les syste\u0300mes immunitaires des fumeurs. D\u2019un co\u0302te\u0301, leur re\u0301ponse inflammatoire, suite a\u0300 une infection par un pathoge\u0300ne, est accrue. \u00ab\u00a0Le fumeur a donc un risque plus e\u0301leve\u0301 de complications suite a\u0300 une infection, et d\u2019inflammation chronique\u00a0\u00bb, indique Violaine Saint-Andre\u0301, premie\u0300re auteure de l\u2019e\u0301tude.<\/p>\n

Lire aussiVirus: pourquoi ils de\u0301traquent l’immunite\u0301<\/p>\n

D\u2019autre part, l\u2019activite\u0301 de certaines cellules, implique\u0301es dans la me\u0301moire immunitaire, est alte\u0301re\u0301e. Ces observations re\u0301ve\u0300lent l\u2019influence du tabagisme sur les me\u0301canismes de l\u2019immunite\u0301 inne\u0301e, mais aussi sur certains me\u0301canismes de l\u2019immunite\u0301 adaptative.<\/p>\n

Mais ces effets persistent-ils apre\u0300s avoir arre\u0302te\u0301 de fumer ? \u00ab\u00a0En comparant les re\u0301ponses immunitaires de fumeurs et d\u2019ex-fumeurs, nous avons constate\u0301 que la re\u0301ponse inflammatoire revenait rapidement a\u0300 la normale apre\u0300s l\u2019arre\u0302t du tabac mais que l\u2019impact sur l\u2019immunite\u0301 adaptative perdurait dans le temps, pendant 10 ou 15 ans\u00a0\u00bb, te\u0301moigne Darragh Duffy.<\/p>\n

La me\u0301moire du syste\u0300me immunitaire<\/b><\/p>\n

Si, comme l\u2019indiquent les re\u0301sultats, le syste\u0300me immunitaire des fumeurs garde en me\u0301moire les effets du tabagisme, restait toutefois a\u0300 comprendre comment. \u00ab\u00a0Lorsque nous nous sommes aperc\u0327us que les profils des fumeurs et des anciens fumeurs e\u0301taient similaires, nous avons imme\u0301diatement suspecte\u0301 l\u2019implication de processus e\u0301pige\u0301ne\u0301tiques\u00a0\u00bb, retrace Violaine Saint-Andre\u0301.<\/p>\n

Mais de quoi s\u2019agit-il ? Les me\u0301canismes e\u0301pige\u0301ne\u0301tiques repre\u0301sentent les modifications de l\u2019ADN qui impactent l\u2019expression des ge\u0300nes, c\u2019est-a\u0300-dire la fac\u0327on dont ils vont e\u0302tre utilise\u0301s par les cellules. Gra\u0302ce a\u0300 l\u2019e\u0301tude approfondie de l\u2019ADN des participants, les chercheurs ont pu confirmer l\u2019implication de processus e\u0301pige\u0301ne\u0301tiques dans cette me\u0301moire immunitaire. Entre les fumeurs, les anciens fumeurs et les non-fumeurs, ils ont ainsi mis en e\u0301vidence des diffe\u0301rences de me\u0301thylation de l\u2019ADN. Autrement dit des modifications chimiques susceptibles de modifier l\u2019expression de ge\u0300nes implique\u0301s dans le me\u0301tabolisme des cellules immunitaires. \u00ab\u00a0C\u2019est une de\u0301couverte importante pour mieux comprendre l\u2019impact du tabagisme sur l\u2019immunite\u0301 d\u2019individus en bonne sante\u0301 mais aussi, par comparaison, sur l\u2019immunite\u0301 d\u2019individus souffrant de diverses pathologies,\u00a0\u00bb conclut Violaine Saint-Andre\u0301.<\/p>\n

Pour plus d’informations et d’analyses sur la Tchad<\/a>, suivez Africa-Press<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Tchad. \u00ab\u00a0Le tabagisme modifie le syste\u0300me immunitaire qui re\u0301agit alors tout a\u0300 fait diffe\u0301remment, et ce, sur le long terme\u00a0\u00bb, re\u0301sume Darragh Duffy. Responsable de l\u2019unite\u0301 Immunologie translationnelle a\u0300 l\u2019Institut Pasteur, il est le dernier auteur d\u2019une nouvelle e\u0301tude analysant les effets du tabagisme sur les me\u0301canismes du syste\u0300me immunitaire. Il ajoute: \u00ab\u00a0Ces […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":59047,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,10],"tags":[37,292,29],"class_list":["post-59048","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-divers","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-africa-press","tag-africa-press-tchad","tag-tchad"],"yoast_head":"\nComment le tabac perturbe le syst\u00e8me immunitaire sur le long terme - tchad<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\""Le tabagisme modifie le syste\u0300me immunitaire qui re\u0301agit alors tout a\u0300 fait diffe\u0301remment, et ce, sur le long terme", r ...\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/tchad\/toutes-les-actualites\/comment-le-tabac-perturbe-le-systeme-immunitaire-sur-le-long-terme\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Comment le tabac perturbe le syst\u00e8me immunitaire sur le long terme\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\""Le tabagisme modifie le syste\u0300me immunitaire qui re\u0301agit alors tout a\u0300 fait diffe\u0301remment, et ce, sur le long terme", r ...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/tchad\/toutes-les-actualites\/comment-le-tabac-perturbe-le-systeme-immunitaire-sur-le-long-terme\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"tchad\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-02-15T16:56:21+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-02-15T17:20:08+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/static.africa-press.net\/tchad\/sites\/41\/2024\/02\/sm_1708004729.460165.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"899\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"cfeditorfr\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"cfeditorfr\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/tchad\/toutes-les-actualites\/comment-le-tabac-perturbe-le-systeme-immunitaire-sur-le-long-terme#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/tchad\/toutes-les-actualites\/comment-le-tabac-perturbe-le-systeme-immunitaire-sur-le-long-terme\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"cfeditorfr\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/tchad\/#\/schema\/person\/2b1cf3cd81a31e3cd26889ca66d677f1\"},\"headline\":\"Comment le tabac perturbe le syst\u00e8me immunitaire sur le long terme\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-02-15T16:56:21+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-02-15T17:20:08+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/tchad\/toutes-les-actualites\/comment-le-tabac-perturbe-le-systeme-immunitaire-sur-le-long-terme\"},\"wordCount\":802,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/tchad\/toutes-les-actualites\/comment-le-tabac-perturbe-le-systeme-immunitaire-sur-le-long-terme#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/static.africa-press.net\/tchad\/sites\/41\/2024\/02\/sm_1708004729.460165.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Africa Press\",\"Africa Press-Tchad\",\"Tchad\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Divers\",\"Toutes les actualit\u00e9s\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/tchad\/toutes-les-actualites\/comment-le-tabac-perturbe-le-systeme-immunitaire-sur-le-long-terme#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/tchad\/toutes-les-actualites\/comment-le-tabac-perturbe-le-systeme-immunitaire-sur-le-long-terme\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/tchad\/toutes-les-actualites\/comment-le-tabac-perturbe-le-systeme-immunitaire-sur-le-long-terme\",\"name\":\"Comment le tabac perturbe le syst\u00e8me immunitaire sur le long terme - 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