{"id":59227,"date":"2024-02-18T15:45:14","date_gmt":"2024-02-18T15:45:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/tchad\/politique\/un-gene-dalgue-pour-recouvrer-la-vue"},"modified":"2024-02-18T16:39:03","modified_gmt":"2024-02-18T16:39:03","slug":"un-gene-dalgue-pour-recouvrer-la-vue","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/tchad\/toutes-les-actualites\/un-gene-dalgue-pour-recouvrer-la-vue","title":{"rendered":"Un g\u00e8ne d’algue pour recouvrer la vue"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Tchad. <\/strong><\/span>Modifier ge\u0301ne\u0301tiquement des neurones pour redonner aux organes leur fonction d’origine. Apre\u0300s vingt ans d’efforts, les scientifiques viennent de re\u0301ussir cette prouesse gra\u0302ce a\u0300 une technologie en passe non seulement de re\u0301volutionner l’ophtalmologie, mais aussi de traiter des pathologies cardiaques et ORL: l’optoge\u0301ne\u0301tique, une technique associant ge\u0301ne\u0301tique et ondes lumineuses.<\/p>\n

Des perspectives dans le traitement de patients aveugles<\/b><\/p>\n

C’est en 2002 que le biophysicien allemand Ernst Bamberg identifie la channelrhodopsine (ou rhodopsine canal), une prote\u0301ine d’algue capable, apre\u0300s avoir e\u0301te\u0301 expose\u0301e a\u0300 la lumie\u0300re, de produire un courant e\u0301lectrique dans une cellule. Pour les chercheurs de l’Institut de la vision, en France, cette prote\u0301ine ouvre des perspectives dans le traitement de patients aveugles souffrant de re\u0301tinite pigmentaire, une maladie ge\u0301ne\u0301tique qui de\u0301truit les photore\u0301cepteurs.<\/p>\n

Inse\u0301re\u0301 a\u0300 l’aide d’un vecteur viral dans certains neurones de la re\u0301tine, comme les cellules ganglionnaires, le ge\u0300ne de la channelrhodopsine rend en effet celles-ci capables de se substituer aux photore\u0301cepteurs perdus. \u00ab\u00a0Les traitements utilisaient jusque-la\u0300 des implants dans la re\u0301tine, ne permettant qu’une acuite\u0301 visuelle limite\u0301e, remarque Serge Picaud, directeur de l’Institut. L’optoge\u0301ne\u0301tique est une interface cerveau-machine sans contact !\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

Images ultrasonores<\/b><\/p>\n

En 2021, l’Institut de la vision a annonce\u0301 qu’un premier patient, aide\u0301 de lunettes amplifiant le signal lumineux, a ainsi pu percevoir des objets. \u00ab\u00a0Nous craignions que le syste\u0300me immunitaire du patient reconnaisse ces cellules contenant un mate\u0301riel ge\u0301ne\u0301tique d’algue comme des corps e\u0301trangers et s’en de\u0301barrasse. Cela n’a pas e\u0301te\u0301 le cas\u00a0\u00bb, confie le chercheur. Actuellement, les scientifiques tentent d’ame\u0301liorer les capacite\u0301s visuelles des patients. \u00ab\u00a0Nous voudrions augmenter l’expression ge\u0301ne\u0301tique de la channelrhodopsine pour que davantage de cellules re\u0301pondent, et a\u0300 des intensite\u0301s lumineuses plus faibles\u00a0\u00bb, pre\u0301cise Serge Picaud.<\/p>\n

D’autres recherches e\u0301tendent cette technologie a\u0300 des patients ayant perdu la connexion \u0153il-cerveau. L’objectif est de modifier les neurones gra\u0302ce a\u0300 des prote\u0301ines sensibles cette fois aux ultrasons, qui pe\u0301ne\u0300trent davantage dans les tissus que les ondes lumineuses, dans l’espoir de ge\u0301ne\u0301rer des images ultrasonores dans le cerveau. Apre\u0300s la re\u0301volution de l’optoge\u0301ne\u0301tique, les prochaines de\u0301cennies pourraient donc voir se de\u0301velopper sa version acoustique: la sonoge\u0301ne\u0301tique.<\/p>\n

Pour plus d’informations et d’analyses sur la Tchad<\/a>, suivez Africa-Press<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Tchad. Modifier ge\u0301ne\u0301tiquement des neurones pour redonner aux organes leur fonction d’origine. Apre\u0300s vingt ans d’efforts, les scientifiques viennent de re\u0301ussir cette prouesse gra\u0302ce a\u0300 une technologie en passe non seulement de re\u0301volutionner l’ophtalmologie, mais aussi de traiter des pathologies cardiaques et ORL: l’optoge\u0301ne\u0301tique, une technique associant ge\u0301ne\u0301tique et ondes lumineuses. Des perspectives […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":59226,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,10],"tags":[37,292,29],"class_list":["post-59227","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-divers","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-africa-press","tag-africa-press-tchad","tag-tchad"],"yoast_head":"\nUn g\u00e8ne d'algue pour recouvrer la vue - tchad<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Modifier ge\u0301ne\u0301tiquement des neurones pour redonner aux organes leur fonction d'origine. 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