{"id":60208,"date":"2024-03-06T17:59:55","date_gmt":"2024-03-06T17:59:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/tchad\/politique\/date-de-8600-ans-un-pain-retrouve-a-catalhoyuk-pourrait-etre-le-plus-vieux-de-lhumanite"},"modified":"2024-03-07T06:51:31","modified_gmt":"2024-03-07T06:51:31","slug":"date-de-8600-ans-un-pain-retrouve-a-catalhoyuk-pourrait-etre-le-plus-vieux-de-lhumanite","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/tchad\/toutes-les-actualites\/date-de-8600-ans-un-pain-retrouve-a-catalhoyuk-pourrait-etre-le-plus-vieux-de-lhumanite","title":{"rendered":"Dat\u00e9 de 8600 ans, un pain retrouv\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck pourrait \u00eatre le plus vieux de l’humanit\u00e9"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Tchad. <\/strong><\/span>Il pourrait s\u2019agir du plus vieux pain de l\u2019humanite\u0301. Des fouilles mene\u0301es en 2021 a\u0300 C\u0327atalho\u0308yu\u0308k, en Anatolie (Turquie), qui correspond a\u0300 l’un des tout premiers sites d’urbanisation de la pe\u0301riode ne\u0301olithique, ont mis au jour les restes d\u2019un pain fermente\u0301 vieux d\u2019au moins 8600 ans.<\/p>\n

De forme ronde et d\u2019aspect carbonise\u0301, la pie\u0300ce de\u0301crite comme \u00ab\u00a0spongieuse\u00a0\u00bb a e\u0301te\u0301 retrouve\u0301e dans le coin d\u2019un four et a pu e\u0302tre conserve\u0301e gra\u0302ce au de\u0301po\u0302t, sur sa surface, d\u2019une fine couche d\u2019argile. Du ble\u0301, de l\u2019orge et des pois ont e\u0301galement e\u0301te\u0301 trouve\u0301s autour du four en grande partie de\u0301truit, localise\u0301 dans la zone dite \u00ab\u00a0Mekan 66\u00a0\u00bb du ce\u0301le\u0300bre site arche\u0301ologique grande de plus de 13 hectares.<\/p>\n

Une \u00ab\u00a0miche\u00a0\u00bb crue et fermente\u0301e<\/b><\/p>\n

Ali Umut Tu\u0308rkcan, arche\u0301ologue a\u0300 l’universite\u0301 Anadolu et responsable des fouilles, a livre\u0301 plus de de\u0301tails a\u0300 l\u2019agence de presse nationale turque Anadolu (AA): \u00ab\u00a0On peut y distinguer [une empreinte] de doigt presse\u0301 au centre. Il n’a pas e\u0301te\u0301 cuit, mais il a e\u0301te\u0301 fermente\u0301 et a surve\u0301cu jusqu’a\u0300 aujourd’hui gra\u0302ce aux amidons qu’il contient. Il n’existe aucun autre exemple de ce type jusqu’a\u0300 aujourd\u2019hui.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n


\nDe son co\u0302te\u0301, Salih Kavak, mai\u0302tre de confe\u0301rences a\u0300 l’universite\u0301 de Gaziantep, qui a participe\u0301 a\u0300 l’analyse du pain, a de\u0301clare\u0301: \u00ab\u00a0J’ai e\u0301te\u0301 tre\u0300s surpris lorsqu’ils l’ont apporte\u0301. Sous cette forme, je me suis demande\u0301 s’il s’agissait d’une pa\u0302te, d’un pain ou d’un re\u0301sidu organique. J’ai fait un diagnostic morphologique a\u0300 l’\u0153il nu, puis j’ai imme\u0301diatement examine\u0301 le contenu au microscope. Le plus passionnant, c’est qu’il y a des re\u0301sidus de ce\u0301re\u0301ales. Le fait qu’il y ait des morceaux broye\u0301s et casse\u0301s de plantes comme l’orge, le ble\u0301, les pois, renforce la possibilite\u0301 de ce que l’on a tout de suite pense\u0301: ‘Est-ce du pain ?'\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

Du pain de\u0301ja\u0300 fabrique\u0301 il y a pre\u0300s de 15.000 ans<\/b><\/p>\n

Une datation au radiocarbone a pu confirmer que la \u00ab\u00a0miche\u00a0\u00bb avait e\u0301te\u0301 confectionne\u0301e aux alentours de 6600 avant J.-C. Elle ne constitue pas, en revanche, la plus ancienne trace de fabrication de pain jamais trouve\u0301e: en juillet 2016, une e\u0301tude publie\u0301e dans la revue Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences avait re\u0301ve\u0301le\u0301 que des re\u0301sidus de pain avaient e\u0301te\u0301 trouve\u0301s sur le site arche\u0301ologique Shubayqa 1, dans le nord-est de la Jordanie, ou\u0300 vivaient des chasseurs-cueilleurs Natoufiens. Cette de\u0301couverte arche\u0301obotanique avait ainsi recule\u0301 les origines de la boulangerie a\u0300 plus de 14.400 ans, soit plus de 4000 ans avant l\u2019e\u0301mergence de l\u2019agriculture.<\/p>\n


\nExtraordinaire pour ce qu\u2019elle repre\u0301sente – elle est l\u2019une des premie\u0300res villes de l\u2019humanite\u0301 -, C\u0327atalho\u0308yu\u0308k l\u2019est aussi pour la conservation exceptionnelle de ses vestiges. Depuis les anne\u0301es 1960, e\u0301poque ou\u0300 elle fut de\u0301couverte, elle a en effet livre\u0301 d\u2019innombrables bas-reliefs et peintures murales, une profusion d\u2019objets rituels et de figurines pe\u0301tries dans l\u2019argile ou fac\u0327onne\u0301es avec soin dans la pierre, le basalte, l\u2019alba\u0302tre ou le marbre, mais aussi de nombreux objets du quotidien, a\u0300 l\u2019instar de ce pain.<\/p>\n

En octobre 2021, une e\u0301tude re\u0301ve\u0301lait notamment que des re\u0301sidus textiles trouve\u0301s C\u0327atalho\u0308yu\u0308k, a\u0300 classer parmi les premiers tissages au monde, e\u0301taient faits de fibres issues d\u2019e\u0301corce de che\u0302ne, et non de lin, comme on le pensait jusqu\u2019alors.<\/p>\n

Pour plus d’informations et d’analyses sur la Tchad<\/a>, suivez Africa-Press<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Tchad. Il pourrait s\u2019agir du plus vieux pain de l\u2019humanite\u0301. Des fouilles mene\u0301es en 2021 a\u0300 C\u0327atalho\u0308yu\u0308k, en Anatolie (Turquie), qui correspond a\u0300 l’un des tout premiers sites d’urbanisation de la pe\u0301riode ne\u0301olithique, ont mis au jour les restes d\u2019un pain fermente\u0301 vieux d\u2019au moins 8600 ans. De forme ronde et d\u2019aspect carbonise\u0301, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":60207,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,10],"tags":[37,292,29],"class_list":["post-60208","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-divers","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-africa-press","tag-africa-press-tchad","tag-tchad"],"yoast_head":"\nDat\u00e9 de 8600 ans, un pain retrouv\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck pourrait \u00eatre le plus vieux de l'humanit\u00e9 - tchad<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/tchad\/politique\/date-de-8600-ans-un-pain-retrouve-a-catalhoyuk-pourrait-etre-le-plus-vieux-de-lhumanite\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Dat\u00e9 de 8600 ans, un pain retrouv\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck pourrait \u00eatre le plus vieux de l'humanit\u00e9\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Africa-Press – Tchad. Il pourrait s\u2019agir du plus vieux pain de l\u2019humanite\u0301. Des fouilles mene\u0301es en 2021 a\u0300 C\u0327atalho\u0308yu\u0308k, en Anatolie (Turquie), qui correspond a\u0300 l’un des tout premiers sites d’urbanisation de la pe\u0301riode ne\u0301olithique, ont mis au jour les restes d\u2019un pain fermente\u0301 vieux d\u2019au moins 8600 ans. 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Il pourrait s\u2019agir du plus vieux pain de l\u2019humanite\u0301. Des fouilles mene\u0301es en 2021 a\u0300 C\u0327atalho\u0308yu\u0308k, en Anatolie (Turquie), qui correspond a\u0300 l’un des tout premiers sites d’urbanisation de la pe\u0301riode ne\u0301olithique, ont mis au jour les restes d\u2019un pain fermente\u0301 vieux d\u2019au moins 8600 ans. 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