{"id":61894,"date":"2024-04-02T18:11:06","date_gmt":"2024-04-02T18:11:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/tchad\/politique\/supraconductivite-decouverte-dun-cas-unique-dans-la-nature"},"modified":"2024-04-02T19:19:46","modified_gmt":"2024-04-02T19:19:46","slug":"supraconductivite-decouverte-dun-cas-unique-dans-la-nature","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/tchad\/toutes-les-actualites\/supraconductivite-decouverte-dun-cas-unique-dans-la-nature","title":{"rendered":"Supraconductivit\u00e9 : d\u00e9couverte d\u2019un cas unique dans la nature"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Tchad. <\/strong><\/span>Identifie\u0301s au de\u0301but du 20e sie\u0300cle, les mate\u0301riaux supraconducteurs conduisent le courant e\u0301lectrique sans aucune re\u0301sistance ni perte d\u2019e\u0301nergie. Ge\u0301ne\u0301ralement a\u0300 des tempe\u0301ratures ultra-froides, proches du ze\u0301ro absolu (-273,15\u00b0C), ce qui limite leur utilisation a\u0300 quelques applications de niche comme les IRM (imageries par re\u0301sonance magne\u0301tique), des ca\u0302bles e\u0301lectriques ultra-performants ou les acce\u0301le\u0301rateurs de particules.<\/p>\n

Il existe aussi des supraconducteurs dits \u00ab\u00a0non conventionnels\u00a0\u00bb fonctionnant a\u0300 des tempe\u0301ratures plus e\u0301leve\u0301es. De\u0301couverts dans les anne\u0301es 1980, ils sont compose\u0301s notamment d\u2019oxydes de cuivre et peuvent transporter des quantite\u0301s de courant plus importants que les supraconducteurs classiques.<\/p>\n

Ces mate\u0301riaux sont toutefois tre\u0300s difficiles a\u0300 manipuler. Surtout, malgre\u0301 des dizaines d\u2019anne\u0301es de recherches, on ne comprend toujours pas les me\u0301canismes microscopiques permettant aux e\u0301lectrons de se comporter comme une seule particule et se propager sans re\u0301sistance dans le mate\u0301riau.<\/p>\n

Le quatrie\u0300me supraconducteur naturel<\/b><\/p>\n

D\u2019ou\u0300 l\u2019inte\u0301re\u0302t de la de\u0301couverte re\u0301alise\u0301e par des physiciens du Laboratoire Ames, de\u0301pendant du de\u0301partement ame\u0301ricain de l\u2019Energie. Parmi les centaines de mate\u0301riaux supraconducteurs connus a\u0300 ce jour, l\u2019e\u0301crasante majorite\u0301 ont e\u0301te\u0301 conc\u0327us en laboratoire via des re\u0301actions chimiques complexes. Seul un petit trio existe a\u0300 l\u2019e\u0301tat naturel, sous forme de mine\u0301raux: la covellite, la palladseite et la parkerite.<\/p>\n

Or les chercheurs ont mis en e\u0301vidence un quatrie\u0300me spe\u0301cimen naturel… qui se comporte comme un supraconducteur non conventionnel a\u0300 haute tempe\u0301rature: le premier du genre ! Appele\u0301 miassite, ce mine\u0301ral est compose\u0301 de 17 atomes de rhodium et 15 de soufre. Synthe\u0301tise\u0301 en laboratoire de\u0300s les anne\u0301es 1930, ce mine\u0301ral a e\u0301te\u0301 observe\u0301 dans la nature au de\u0301but des anne\u0301es 2000 pre\u0300s la rivie\u0300re Miass dans l\u2019oblast russe de Tcheliabinsk, d\u2019ou\u0300 son nom.<\/p>\n

Preuves expe\u0301rimentales<\/b><\/p>\n

Pour de\u0301terminer le type de supraconductivite\u0301, des cristaux de miassite ont e\u0301te\u0301 soumis a\u0300 une batterie de tests. Parmi eux: la pe\u0301ne\u0301tration de champs magne\u0301tiques de faible intensite\u0301 au sein du mate\u0301riau ou l\u2019introduction de \u00ab\u00a0de\u0301fauts\u00a0\u00bb dans sa structure cristalline gra\u0302ce a\u0300 des e\u0301lectrons de haute e\u0301nergie. Or ils ont tous montre\u0301 que la miassite se comportait comme les supraconducteurs non conventionnels, qui inte\u0301ressent tant les chercheurs en science des mate\u0301riaux.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Cette de\u0301couverte devrait aider les scientifiques a\u0300 mieux comprendre ce type de supraconductivite\u0301 (non conventionnelle) et permettre de de\u0301velopper des technologies supraconductrices plus durables et e\u0301conomiques dans le futur\u00a0\u00bb, avance un communique\u0301 du Laboratoire Ames.<\/p>\n

Pour plus d’informations et d’analyses sur la Tchad<\/a>, suivez Africa-Press<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Tchad. Identifie\u0301s au de\u0301but du 20e sie\u0300cle, les mate\u0301riaux supraconducteurs conduisent le courant e\u0301lectrique sans aucune re\u0301sistance ni perte d\u2019e\u0301nergie. Ge\u0301ne\u0301ralement a\u0300 des tempe\u0301ratures ultra-froides, proches du ze\u0301ro absolu (-273,15\u00b0C), ce qui limite leur utilisation a\u0300 quelques applications de niche comme les IRM (imageries par re\u0301sonance magne\u0301tique), des ca\u0302bles e\u0301lectriques ultra-performants ou les […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":61893,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,10],"tags":[37,292,29],"class_list":["post-61894","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-divers","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-africa-press","tag-africa-press-tchad","tag-tchad"],"yoast_head":"\nSupraconductivit\u00e9 : d\u00e9couverte d\u2019un cas unique dans la nature - tchad<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Identifie\u0301s au de\u0301but du 20e sie\u0300cle, les mate\u0301riaux supraconducteurs conduisent le courant e\u0301lectrique sans aucune re\u0301s ...\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/tchad\/toutes-les-actualites\/supraconductivite-decouverte-dun-cas-unique-dans-la-nature\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Supraconductivit\u00e9 : d\u00e9couverte d\u2019un cas unique dans la nature\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Identifie\u0301s au de\u0301but du 20e sie\u0300cle, les mate\u0301riaux supraconducteurs conduisent le courant e\u0301lectrique sans aucune re\u0301s ...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/tchad\/toutes-les-actualites\/supraconductivite-decouverte-dun-cas-unique-dans-la-nature\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"tchad\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-04-02T18:11:06+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-04-02T19:19:46+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/static.africa-press.net\/tchad\/sites\/41\/2024\/04\/sm_1712072851.522713.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"900\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"cfeditorfr\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"cfeditorfr\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/tchad\/toutes-les-actualites\/supraconductivite-decouverte-dun-cas-unique-dans-la-nature#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/tchad\/toutes-les-actualites\/supraconductivite-decouverte-dun-cas-unique-dans-la-nature\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"cfeditorfr\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/tchad\/#\/schema\/person\/2b1cf3cd81a31e3cd26889ca66d677f1\"},\"headline\":\"Supraconductivit\u00e9 : d\u00e9couverte d\u2019un cas unique dans la nature\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-04-02T18:11:06+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-04-02T19:19:46+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/tchad\/toutes-les-actualites\/supraconductivite-decouverte-dun-cas-unique-dans-la-nature\"},\"wordCount\":488,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/tchad\/toutes-les-actualites\/supraconductivite-decouverte-dun-cas-unique-dans-la-nature#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/static.africa-press.net\/tchad\/sites\/41\/2024\/04\/sm_1712072851.522713.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Africa Press\",\"Africa Press-Tchad\",\"Tchad\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Divers\",\"Toutes les actualit\u00e9s\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/tchad\/toutes-les-actualites\/supraconductivite-decouverte-dun-cas-unique-dans-la-nature#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/tchad\/toutes-les-actualites\/supraconductivite-decouverte-dun-cas-unique-dans-la-nature\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/tchad\/toutes-les-actualites\/supraconductivite-decouverte-dun-cas-unique-dans-la-nature\",\"name\":\"Supraconductivit\u00e9 : d\u00e9couverte d\u2019un cas unique dans la nature - 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