{"id":6512,"date":"2021-05-17T16:08:01","date_gmt":"2021-05-17T16:08:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/tchad\/?p=6512"},"modified":"2021-05-17T16:51:45","modified_gmt":"2021-05-17T16:51:45","slug":"cinq-choses-a-savoir-sur-la-meningite","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/tchad\/toutes-les-actualites\/cinq-choses-a-savoir-sur-la-meningite","title":{"rendered":"Cinq choses \u00e0 savoir sur la m\u00e9ningite"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press<\/a> – Tchad<\/a>. <\/strong><\/span>La m\u00e9ningite \u00e0 m\u00e9ningocoques est une \u00ab\u00a0une forme de m\u00e9ningite bact\u00e9rienne, une grave infection des m\u00e9ninges qui affecte la membrane du cerveau et la moelle \u00e9pini\u00e8re\u00a0\u00bb selon l’organisation mondiale de la sant\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Vingt six pays africains situ\u00e9s dans la zone appel\u00e9e la ceinture de la m\u00e9ningite qui part de l’Est de l’Ethiopie jusqu’\u00e0 l’Ouest du S\u00e9n\u00e9gal sont les plus touch\u00e9s et connaissent sporadiquement des \u00e9pid\u00e9mies de m\u00e9ningite.<\/p>\n

Ce qui explique des campagnes de vaccination de masse dans ces pays, au Niger par exemple, la derni\u00e8re campagne a eu lieu en 2019.<\/p>\n

Les sympt\u00f4mes<\/b><\/p>\n

La m\u00e9ningite survient brutalement avec de fortes c\u00e9phal\u00e9es et une fi\u00e8vre allant jusqu’\u00e0 40 degr\u00e9s explique Dr Chaibou Maidokal\u00e9 m\u00e9decin nig\u00e9rien infectiologue et sp\u00e9cialiste des maladies tropicales.<\/p>\n

Les autres sympt\u00f4mes constat\u00e9s sont: une raideur du cou du malade qui peut aussi pr\u00e9senter un \u00e9tat confusionnel. Des vomissements peuvent \u00e9galement survenir.<\/p>\n

Selon les experts, les enfants sont les plus expos\u00e9s \u00e0 la m\u00e9ningite \u00e0 cause de leur constitution physique et la fragilit\u00e9 de leurs voies respiratoires tr\u00e8s expos\u00e9es comparativement \u00e0 celles des adultes.<\/p>\n

La m\u00e9ningite est caus\u00e9e par la bact\u00e9rie Neisseria meningitidis qui ne s’attaque qu’aux humains.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Ces bact\u00e9ries peuvent \u00eatre pr\u00e9sentes dans le pharynx et, pour des raisons non encore compl\u00e8tement \u00e9lucid\u00e9es, submergent parfois les d\u00e9fenses de l’organisme, permettant ainsi \u00e0 l’infection de se propager dans la circulation sanguine et d’atteindre le cerveau\u00a0\u00bb selon l’oms.<\/p>\n

La m\u00e9ningite apparait souvent pendant la saison s\u00e8che, entre d\u00e9cembre et juin. Une p\u00e9riode o\u00f9 surviennent des vents charg\u00e9s de poussi\u00e8re et les nuits y sont froides entrainant un \u00e9paississement ou un affaiblissement des voies respiratoires sup\u00e9rieures.<\/p>\n

La m\u00e9ningite peut tuer<\/b><\/p>\n

En absence d’une bonne prise en charge, la m\u00e9ningite peut causer de graves l\u00e9sions c\u00e9r\u00e9brales et m\u00eame se r\u00e9v\u00e9ler mortelle dans 50% des cas selon l’oms.<\/p>\n

Le Dr Maidokal\u00e9 ajoute que \u00ab\u00a0les cons\u00e9quences de la m\u00e9ningite vont de la simple alt\u00e9ration de l’\u00e9tat conscient jusqu’au coma voire la mort. La m\u00e9ningite peut \u00e9galement entrainer l’\u00e9pilepsie, la surdit\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n

La m\u00e9ningite \u00e0 m\u00e9ningocoque, une urgence m\u00e9dicale<\/b><\/p>\n

En cas de suspicion de m\u00e9ningite, on effectue une ponction lombaire pour confirmer le diagnostic. Dans la l’attente des r\u00e9sultats, Dr Chaibou Maidokal\u00e9 souligne qu’il faut commencer un traitement antibiotique.<\/p>\n

L’organisation mondiale de la sant\u00e9 recommande \u00ab\u00a0d’utiliser toute une s\u00e9rie d’antibiotiques pour traiter l’infection, notamment la p\u00e9nicilline, l’ampicilline, le chloramph\u00e9nicol et la ceftriaxone\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n

Le traitement antibiotique pr\u00e9coce est la principale mesure disponible pour sauver des vies et r\u00e9duire les complications.<\/p>\n

Pour la pr\u00e9vention de la m\u00e9ningite \u00e0 m\u00e9ningocoque, trois vaccins sont disponibles mais le plus utilis\u00e9 en Afrique est le vaccin antim\u00e9ningococcique A conjugu\u00e9 introduit en 2010. Il est administr\u00e9 aux personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es d’un \u00e0 29 ans.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Tchad. La m\u00e9ningite \u00e0 m\u00e9ningocoques est une \u00ab\u00a0une forme de m\u00e9ningite bact\u00e9rienne, une grave infection des m\u00e9ninges qui affecte la membrane du cerveau et la moelle \u00e9pini\u00e8re\u00a0\u00bb selon l’organisation mondiale de la sant\u00e9. Vingt six pays africains situ\u00e9s dans la zone appel\u00e9e la ceinture de la m\u00e9ningite qui part de l’Est de l’Ethiopie […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":6511,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,11,10],"tags":[37,292,29],"class_list":["post-6512","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-divers","category-homepage-french","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-africa-press","tag-africa-press-tchad","tag-tchad"],"yoast_head":"\nCinq choses \u00e0 savoir sur la m\u00e9ningite - tchad<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La m\u00e9ningite \u00e0 m\u00e9ningocoques est une "une forme de m\u00e9ningite bact\u00e9rienne, une grave infection des m\u00e9ninges qui affecte l ...\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/tchad\/toutes-les-actualites\/cinq-choses-a-savoir-sur-la-meningite\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Cinq choses \u00e0 savoir sur la m\u00e9ningite\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"La m\u00e9ningite \u00e0 m\u00e9ningocoques est une "une forme de m\u00e9ningite bact\u00e9rienne, une grave infection des m\u00e9ninges qui affecte l ...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/tchad\/toutes-les-actualites\/cinq-choses-a-savoir-sur-la-meningite\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"tchad\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-05-17T16:08:01+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-05-17T16:51:45+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/static.africa-press.net\/tchad\/sites\/41\/2021\/05\/img-60a2941cd1734.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"800\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"450\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"cfeditorfr\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"cfeditorfr\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/tchad\/toutes-les-actualites\/cinq-choses-a-savoir-sur-la-meningite#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/tchad\/toutes-les-actualites\/cinq-choses-a-savoir-sur-la-meningite\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"cfeditorfr\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/tchad\/#\/schema\/person\/2b1cf3cd81a31e3cd26889ca66d677f1\"},\"headline\":\"Cinq choses \u00e0 savoir sur la m\u00e9ningite\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-05-17T16:08:01+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-05-17T16:51:45+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/tchad\/toutes-les-actualites\/cinq-choses-a-savoir-sur-la-meningite\"},\"wordCount\":533,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/tchad\/toutes-les-actualites\/cinq-choses-a-savoir-sur-la-meningite#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/static.africa-press.net\/tchad\/sites\/41\/2021\/05\/img-60a2941cd1734.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Africa Press\",\"Africa Press-Tchad\",\"Tchad\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Divers\",\"homepage-french\",\"Toutes les actualit\u00e9s\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/tchad\/toutes-les-actualites\/cinq-choses-a-savoir-sur-la-meningite#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/tchad\/toutes-les-actualites\/cinq-choses-a-savoir-sur-la-meningite\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/tchad\/toutes-les-actualites\/cinq-choses-a-savoir-sur-la-meningite\",\"name\":\"Cinq choses \u00e0 savoir sur la m\u00e9ningite - 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