{"id":7413,"date":"2021-06-09T15:32:29","date_gmt":"2021-06-09T15:32:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/tchad\/?p=7413"},"modified":"2021-06-09T20:14:02","modified_gmt":"2021-06-09T20:14:02","slug":"fusion-nucleaire-le-soleil-artificiel-chinois-bat-son-record-de-temperature","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/tchad\/toutes-les-actualites\/fusion-nucleaire-le-soleil-artificiel-chinois-bat-son-record-de-temperature","title":{"rendered":"Fusion nucl\u00e9aire : le soleil artificiel chinois bat son record de temp\u00e9rature"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press<\/a> – Tchad<\/a>. <\/strong><\/span>En d\u00e9cembre dernier, un tokamak chinois \u00e0 peine allum\u00e9, le HL-2M, avait atteint les 150 millions de degr\u00e9s Celsius. Ce vendredi 28 mai, un autre tokamak chinois, l\u2019Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (East) a fait mieux. Il a atteint 160 millions de degr\u00e9s Celsius. Mais il a surtout r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 maintenir son plasma \u00e0 une temp\u00e9rature de plus de 120 millions de degr\u00e9s Celsius pendant 101 secondes.<\/p>\n

Un tokamak \u2014 l\u2019acronyme vient du russe \u2013, c\u2019est un engin imagin\u00e9 par les physiciens pour produire de l\u2019\u00e9nergie par fusion nucl\u00e9aire. Une \u00e9nergie r\u00e9put\u00e9e propre \u2014 sans \u00e9mission de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre ni production de d\u00e9chets radioactifs \u00e0 haute activit\u00e9 et \u00e0 vie longue \u2013, s\u00fbre et illimit\u00e9e. Encore faut-il que la temp\u00e9rature du plasma qui l\u2019alimente soit suffisamment \u00e9lev\u00e9e. Et qu\u2019elle puisse \u00eatre maintenue \u00e0 un niveau stable pendant une longue p\u00e9riode de temps.<\/p>\n

L\u2019objectif semble se rapprocher. Gr\u00e2ce au tokamak chinois appel\u00e9 Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (East). Il y a quelques jours, au c\u0153ur de ce v\u00e9ritable soleil artificiel, la temp\u00e9rature du plasma est mont\u00e9e \u00e0 quelque 120 millions de degr\u00e9s Celsius pour y rester pendant 101 secondes. Pendant 20 petites secondes, le r\u00e9acteur \u00e0 fusion nucl\u00e9aire exp\u00e9rimental a m\u00eame atteint les 160 millions de degr\u00e9s Celsius.<\/p>\n

Encore du travail avant de pouvoir produire de l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9<\/b><\/p>\n

Les chercheurs qui travaillent sur le tokamak chinois sont enthousiastes. Ils \u00e9voquent, gr\u00e2ce au maintien d\u2019une temp\u00e9rature de plus de 100 millions de degr\u00e9s Celsius pendant un temps certain, \u00ab\u2009le passage d\u2019une \u00e9tape cl\u00e9 pour la production d\u2019\u00e9nergie par fusion nucl\u00e9aire\u2009\u00bb. Mais l\u2019objectif d\u2019East est de parvenir \u00e0 maintenir une temp\u00e9rature de 100 millions de degr\u00e9s Celsius pendant\u2026 1.000 secondes\u2009! Les ing\u00e9nieurs reconnaissent donc que la route sera encore longue. Ils estiment m\u00eame que le premier soleil artificiel ne devrait pas \u00eatre fonctionnel avant au moins 30 ans\u2009!<\/p>\n

Rappelons que le tokamak East est l\u2019un des engins satellites du projet de r\u00e9acteur thermonucl\u00e9aire exp\u00e9rimental international, le projet Iter. Celui-ci mobilise pas moins de 35 pays pour un r\u00e9acteur qui ne devrait pas produire son premier plasma avant fin 2025.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Tchad. En d\u00e9cembre dernier, un tokamak chinois \u00e0 peine allum\u00e9, le HL-2M, avait atteint les 150 millions de degr\u00e9s Celsius. Ce vendredi 28 mai, un autre tokamak chinois, l\u2019Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (East) a fait mieux. Il a atteint 160 millions de degr\u00e9s Celsius. Mais il a surtout r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 maintenir son plasma […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":7412,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,11,10],"tags":[37,292,851,852,29],"class_list":["post-7413","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-divers","category-homepage-french","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-africa-press","tag-africa-press-tchad","tag-fusion","tag-nucleaire","tag-tchad"],"yoast_head":"\nFusion nucl\u00e9aire : le soleil artificiel chinois bat son record de temp\u00e9rature - tchad<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"En d\u00e9cembre dernier, un tokamak chinois \u00e0 peine allum\u00e9, le HL-2M, avait atteint les 150 millions de degr\u00e9s Celsius. 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