{"id":20547,"date":"2023-05-16T12:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-05-16T12:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/togo\/politique\/au-togo-les-forteresses-menacees-du-koutammakou"},"modified":"2023-05-16T12:42:12","modified_gmt":"2023-05-16T12:42:12","slug":"au-togo-les-forteresses-menacees-du-koutammakou","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/togo\/culture-et-art\/au-togo-les-forteresses-menacees-du-koutammakou","title":{"rendered":"Au Togo, les forteresses menac\u00e9es du Koutammakou"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Togo. <\/strong><\/span>Pierre Lamadokou, ministre en charge du Tourisme – Inscrit au patrimoine mondial de l\u2019Unesco, ce site du nord-ouest du pays est tiraille\u0301 entre la volonte\u0301 de sauvegarder un he\u0301ritage et le de\u0301sir de modernite\u0301. D\u2019un co\u0302te\u0301 comme de l\u2019autre, les de\u0301fis a\u0300 relever sont nombreux.<\/p>\n

Dans le nord-ouest du Togo, le Koutammakou s\u2019e\u0301tire sur des dizaines de milliers d\u2019hectares depuis la rivie\u0300re Ke\u0301ran pour de\u0301border sur le Be\u0301nin voisin. S\u2019y dressent des centaines de bastilles en terre crue, dont l\u2019allure e\u0301voque tanto\u0302t une petite forteresse, tanto\u0302t une grande termitie\u0300re, sur lesquelles les cai\u0308lce\u0301drats projettent leur ombre.<\/p>\n

Ces takienta (ou sikien, en ditammari, la langue locale) sont les habitats des Batammariba, \u00ab ceux qui fac\u0327onnent la terre \u00bb ou \u00ab les architectes de terre \u00bb. En 2018, les 50 000 ha qui constituent la partie togolaise du Koutammakou comptaient 1 800 de ces e\u0301difices. En 2020, une centaine avait disparu et, selon le ministe\u0300re de la Culture togolais, leur nombre continue de de\u0301croi\u0302tre.<\/p>\n

Labellise\u0301 \u00ab Paysage culturel vivant \u00bb<\/p>\n

Pourtant, ces takienta et leurs tourelles couleur de fer surplombe\u0301es de greniers ont e\u0301te\u0301 classe\u0301es au patrimoine mondial de l\u2019Unesco en 2004. Un label \u00ab paysage culturel vivant \u00bb qui a fait du Koutammakou et du mode de vie de ses quelque 22 000 habitants (selon le dernier recensement effectue\u0301 en 2010) le premier site classe\u0301 au Togo.<\/p>\n

\u00ab C\u2019est un exemple remarquable de syste\u0300me de peuplement traditionnel du Togo, caracte\u0301rise\u0301 par une architecture exceptionnelle \u00bb, assure Assinguime Mafissa, directrice de la planification et du de\u0301veloppement touristique au ministe\u0300re de la Culture. En effet, le Koutammakou s\u2019illustre tant pour l\u2019architecture de ses habitations, que l\u2019on fait remonter au XVIe sie\u0300cle, que pour ses pratiques traditionnelles. Les deux e\u0301tant fortement imbrique\u0301es.<\/p>\n

En que\u0302te d\u2019e\u0301quilibre<\/p>\n

Ce pre\u0301cieux he\u0301ritage est confronte\u0301 a\u0300 des menaces de natures diverses, parmi lesquelles la rare\u0301faction des ressources, l\u2019urbanisation et l\u2019aspiration des populations a\u0300 davantage de modernite\u0301. \u00ab Il y a ne\u0301cessairement une concurrence de la part du monde exte\u0301rieur, admet Assinguime Mafissa. Depuis le de\u0301but des anne\u0301es 2010, on a vu apparai\u0302tre de plus en plus de constructions en dur dans la zone. L\u2019E\u0301tat ta\u0302che de mettre en place des garde-fous pour ne pas de\u0301naturer le paysage, mais les populations, qui pre\u0301tendent a\u0300 un mode de vie plus moderne, ne doivent pas subir ce statut patrimonial. \u00bb<\/p>\n

En que\u0302te d\u2019e\u0301quilibre, l\u2019E\u0301tat plaide en faveur de l\u2019ame\u0301nagement d\u2019infrastructures modernes dans la limite de la zone urbaine de Nadoba, a\u0300 l\u2019est du site, afin de re\u0301pondre aux besoins socio-e\u0301conomiques e\u0301le\u0301mentaires des populations. Paralle\u0300lement, il entend inciter a\u0300 la construction et a\u0300 l\u2019entretien des takienta, notamment en s\u2019assurant de la transmission des techniques architecturales et en re\u0301introduisant certaines ressources sur le site.<\/p>\n

C\u2019est le cas de certaines essences de bois ne\u0301cessaires a\u0300 la charpente des e\u0301difices, qui ont lentement perdu du terrain face a\u0300 la coupe de\u0301re\u0301gule\u0301e ope\u0301re\u0301e pour la fabrication du charbon. Une rare\u0301faction a\u0300 laquelle Lome\u0301 compte re\u0301pondre en soutenant des pe\u0301pinie\u0300res locales charge\u0301es de re\u0301introduire certaines espe\u0300ces endoge\u0300nes. Un plan estime\u0301 3 milliards de F CFA (environ 4,5 millions d\u2019euros) a e\u0301te\u0301 e\u0301tabli, qui comprend e\u0301galement un volet touristique, dont la mise en \u0153uvre devrait de\u0301marrer avant 2025.<\/p>\n

Retour des touristes<\/p>\n

Koutammakou accueillait environ 1 500 visiteurs chaque anne\u0301e, mais leur nombre s\u2019est re\u0301duit de deux tiers depuis la pande\u0301mie de Covid. Pour les inciter a\u0300 revenir, l\u2019E\u0301tat mise sur la construction d\u2019une infrastructure ho\u0302telie\u0300re d\u2019une trentaine de chambre et de bungalows rappelant les e\u0301difices en terre crue, ainsi que sur l\u2019ame\u0301nagement de circuits pe\u0301destres.<\/p>\n

Ce projet sur trois ans reste lui aussi indexe\u0301 a\u0300 une menace nouvelle : a\u0300 une centaine de kilome\u0300tres de la frontie\u0300re avec le Burkina Faso, le pays subit les assauts de plus en plus re\u0301pe\u0301te\u0301s de groupes arme\u0301s terroristes venus du Sahel. Une menace prise en compte par le gouvernement, qui promet que, pour l\u2019heure, \u00ab tout est sous contro\u0302le \u00bb.<\/p>\n

Pour plus d’informations et d’analyses sur la Togo<\/a>, suivez Africa-Press<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Togo. Pierre Lamadokou, ministre en charge du Tourisme – Inscrit au patrimoine mondial de l\u2019Unesco, ce site du nord-ouest du pays est tiraille\u0301 entre la volonte\u0301 de sauvegarder un he\u0301ritage et le de\u0301sir de modernite\u0301. D\u2019un co\u0302te\u0301 comme de l\u2019autre, les de\u0301fis a\u0300 relever sont nombreux. Dans le nord-ouest du Togo, le Koutammakou […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":20546,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,7,10],"tags":[36,49,50],"class_list":["post-20547","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-culture-et-art","category-dossiers","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-africa-press","tag-africa-press-togo","tag-togo"],"yoast_head":"\nAu Togo, les forteresses menac\u00e9es du Koutammakou - Togo<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Pierre Lamadokou, ministre en charge du Tourisme - Inscrit au patrimoine mondial de l\u2019Unesco, ce site du nord-ouest du p ...\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/togo\/culture-et-art\/au-togo-les-forteresses-menacees-du-koutammakou\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Au Togo, les forteresses menac\u00e9es du Koutammakou\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Pierre Lamadokou, ministre en charge du Tourisme - 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