{"id":25589,"date":"2023-10-02T23:46:47","date_gmt":"2023-10-02T23:46:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/togo\/politique\/le-prix-nobel-de-medecine-attribue-a-katalin-kariko-et-drew-weissman-pour-le-vaccin-a-arn-messager"},"modified":"2023-10-03T00:20:37","modified_gmt":"2023-10-03T00:20:37","slug":"le-prix-nobel-de-medecine-attribue-a-katalin-kariko-et-drew-weissman-pour-le-vaccin-a-arn-messager","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/togo\/toutes-les-actualites\/le-prix-nobel-de-medecine-attribue-a-katalin-kariko-et-drew-weissman-pour-le-vaccin-a-arn-messager","title":{"rendered":"Le prix Nobel de m\u00e9decine attribu\u00e9 \u00e0 Katalin Kariko et Drew Weissman pour le vaccin \u00e0 ARN messager"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Togo. <\/strong><\/span>La Hongroise Katalin Kariko et l’Ame\u0301ricain Drew Weissman, sont re\u0301compense\u0301s pour leurs travaux qui ont ouvert la voie a\u0300 la de\u0301couverte des vaccins contre le Covid-19. Le prix Nobel de me\u0301decine 2023 leur a e\u0301te\u0301 de\u0301cerne\u0301 ce lundi 2 octobre. <\/b><\/p>\n

La vaccination reposait jusque-la\u0300 sur l\u2019administration d\u2019un agent infectieux atte\u0301nue\u0301 ou inactive\u0301 afin de de\u0301clencher une re\u0301ponse immunitaire de l’organisme dirige\u0301e contre le pathoge\u0300ne, c’est-a\u0300-dire le coronavirus en l’espe\u0300ce. Avec les vaccins a\u0300 ARN messager, l\u2019ide\u0301e e\u0301tait de laisser les cellules fabriquer elles-me\u0302mes le composant contre lequel l’organisme allait devoir se de\u0301fendre. C’est dans ce sens qu’ont travaille\u0301 les deux chercheurs, Katalin Kariko et Drew Weissman. La chercheuse hongroise a re\u0301ussi a\u0300 trouver le moyen d’empe\u0302cher le syste\u0300me immunitaire de de\u0301clencher une re\u0301action inflammatoire contre l’ARNm fabrique\u0301 en laboratoire, obstacle majeur a\u0300 toute utilisation the\u0301rapeutique de cette technologie.<\/p>\n

Ils ont tous deux \u00ab contribue\u0301 au de\u0301veloppement a\u0300 un rythme sans pre\u0301ce\u0301dent de vaccins a\u0300 l’occasion d’une des plus grandes menaces pour la sante\u0301 humaine dans les temps modernes \u00bb, a estime\u0301 le jury.<\/p>\n

Plus simples et plus rapides a\u0300 produire que les composants des vaccins \u00ab classiques \u00bb, l’utilisation des ARN messagers, mole\u0301cules tre\u0300s fragiles, pour la vaccination a e\u0301te\u0301 l’objet de fortes pole\u0301miques des \u00ab antivax \u00bb durant la pande\u0301mie en raison, selon eux, du peu de recul sur leur se\u0301curite\u0301. Le milieu acade\u0301mique n’avait toutefois pas ces craintes.<\/p>\n

L’un des inte\u0301re\u0302ts de cette de\u0301couverte est de permettre de nouvelles solutions the\u0301rapeutiques pour des maladies non traite\u0301es jusqu’a\u0300 maintenant, puisque que n\u2019importe quelle prote\u0301ine de l\u2019organisme peut e\u0302tre cible\u0301e via son ARNm.<\/p>\n

Une de\u0301couverte re\u0301cente<\/b><\/p>\n

Le comite\u0301 du prix Nobel a finalement de\u0301joue\u0301 les pronostics. Les experts imaginaient en effet que cette de\u0301couverte majeure, datant de 2005, e\u0301tait trop re\u0301cente pour de\u0301crocher le fameux prix. Katalin Kariko\u0301 occupe actuellement le poste de vice-pre\u0301sidente chez BioNTech, qui a de\u0301veloppe\u0301 avec Pfizer, le vaccin a\u0300 ARNm contre le Covid-19. Drew Weissman, autre spe\u0301cialiste reconnu de la technologie ARNm, est pour sa part professeur a\u0300 l\u2019universite\u0301 de Pennsylvanie. Tous deux ont de\u0301ja\u0300 rec\u0327u plusieurs re\u0301compenses prestigieuses pour leurs recherches, dont le prix Lasker Award en 2021, souvent conside\u0301re\u0301 comme un pre\u0301curseur du Nobel.<\/p>\n

Ils succe\u0300dent a\u0300 Svante Pa\u0308a\u0308bo, biologiste sue\u0301dois, re\u0301compense\u0301 en 2022, pour son travail sur l\u2019histoire e\u0301volutive des humains et sur le de\u0301cryptage du ge\u0301nome des humains de la Pre\u0301histoire.<\/p>\n

Un Franc\u0327ais, Emmanuel Mignot, e\u0301tait e\u0301galement en lice pour des travaux sur la narcolepsie avec le japonais Masashi Yanagisawa. Cette maladie qui provoque des e\u0301tats de somnolence en pleine journe\u0301e et de manie\u0300re soudaine serait en effet due a\u0300 un manque d’orexine.<\/p>\n

Au cours de l’histoire, des de\u0301couvertes majeures ont e\u0301te\u0301 re\u0301compense\u0301es par le Nobel de me\u0301decine telles que les rayons X, la pe\u0301nicilline, l’insuline et l’ADN, mais aussi la lobotomie et l’insecticide DDT, aujourd’hui tombe\u0301s en disgra\u0302ce.<\/p>\n

Pour plus d’informations et d’analyses sur la Togo<\/a>, suivez Africa-Press<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Togo. La Hongroise Katalin Kariko et l’Ame\u0301ricain Drew Weissman, sont re\u0301compense\u0301s pour leurs travaux qui ont ouvert la voie a\u0300 la de\u0301couverte des vaccins contre le Covid-19. Le prix Nobel de me\u0301decine 2023 leur a e\u0301te\u0301 de\u0301cerne\u0301 ce lundi 2 octobre. La vaccination reposait jusque-la\u0300 sur l\u2019administration d\u2019un agent infectieux atte\u0301nue\u0301 ou inactive\u0301 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":25588,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,10],"tags":[36,49,50],"class_list":["post-25589","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-divers","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-africa-press","tag-africa-press-togo","tag-togo"],"yoast_head":"\nLe prix Nobel de m\u00e9decine attribu\u00e9 \u00e0 Katalin Kariko et Drew Weissman pour le vaccin \u00e0 ARN messager - Togo<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La Hongroise Katalin Kariko et l'Ame\u0301ricain Drew Weissman, sont re\u0301compense\u0301s pour leurs travaux qui ont ouvert la vo ...\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, 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