{"id":28304,"date":"2022-03-20T12:07:49","date_gmt":"2022-03-20T12:07:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/uganda\/?p=28304"},"modified":"2022-03-20T10:50:01","modified_gmt":"2022-03-20T10:50:01","slug":"rise-in-antibiotic-resistance-has-health-officials-worried","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/uganda\/all-news\/rise-in-antibiotic-resistance-has-health-officials-worried","title":{"rendered":"Rise in antibiotic resistance has health officials worried"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"color: #ff6600\"><strong>Africa-Press &#8211; Uganda. <\/strong><\/span>Health experts in Uganda have warned that the country is registering worrying increases in death and cost of healthcare because of drug-resistant infections.<\/p>\n<p>This follows a new study conducted in Uganda and 203 other countries, which indicates that infections with drug resistant-bacteria caused about 1.2 million deaths in 2019\u2014 more deaths than HIV\/Aids (690,000) or malaria (409,000) combined.<\/p>\n<p><b>READ:<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Have Ugandans learnt to live with Covid-19?<\/p>\n<p>Drug resistance typically occurs when changes in the infectious agent cause drugs to become less effective. Experts say excessive and inappropriate use of antibiotics\u2014combined with the challenge of insufficient access to the medicines\u2014are responsible for the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cAntimicrobial resistance or AMR is basically having organisms not being able to be killed by drugs. And this has been evolving over time majorly because of misuse of drugs, especially antibiotics,\u201d Prof Samuel Majalija, a microbiologist at Makerere University, told Sunday Monitor.<\/p>\n<p>Dr Andrew Kambugu, the director of Infectious Disease Institute (IDI) of Makerere University, said it is now estimated that AMR is \u201cnow killing more people than non-communicable diseases.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>He added: \u201cResource-limited environments like Uganda and Africa are places where AMR can thrive because\u2026control of aspects like prescription is not good.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><b>READ:<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Why children seem less affected by Covid-19<\/p>\n<p>The Ministry of Health is working with IDI, the American Centres for Disease Control (CDC), and other partners to sketch a better portrait of AMR in Uganda.<\/p>\n<p>The next pandemic?<\/p>\n<p>The government stated in their AMR work plan for 2018-2023 that \u201cresistance to the most commonly used antimicrobials such as penicillins, tetracyclines, cotrimoxazole, was in some cases above 80 percent.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Most worrying is the increasing resistance to last-line treatment for bacterial infections carbapenems, which ranges from four to 30 percent. The prevalence of bacteria\u2014which is resistant to another commonly used penicillin derivative called methicillin\u2014ranges from four to 50 percent.<\/p>\n<p>The government also revealed that the prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), a group of bacteria that cannot be killed by penicillin and other common antimicrobials like cephalosphorins, was higher\u2014between 10 to 75 percent among samples analysed.<\/p>\n<p>The Health Minister, Dr Jane Ruth Aceng, acknowledges that while AMR \u201cis not yet a very big problem\u201d in Uganda, its gradual growth is down to \u201cmisuse of antibiotics that are bought off the counter.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>It is a verdict that Prof Nelson Ssewankambo\u2014the President of Uganda National Academy of Sciences (UNAS)\u2014concurs with.<\/p>\n<p><b>ALSO READ:<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Govt confirms outbreak of influenza type A virus<\/p>\n<p>UNAS is a body that has been central in helping the government develop the work plan for fighting AMR.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cMisuse of antibiotics and overusing them are the main causes of antimicrobial resistance. People just walk into pharmacies and buy antibiotics whether they need them or not,\u201d Prof Ssewankambo said, adding: \u201cThey think that because they are coughing they need antibiotics\u2026 Pharmacies just give the medicines out. Why would someone give out antibiotics to somebody without a prescription [from a doctor]?\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Dr Rosemary Byanyima, the acting director of Mulago National Referral Hospital, said sometimes medical workers and pharmacists overprescribe certain drugs because they want to sell or promote certain medicines. Indeed, pharmaceutical companies or their dealers have been known to penetrate and dominate health systems by \u201cluring\u201d and persuading medical practitioners to generously prescribe medicine.<\/p>\n<p>Dr Grace Najjuka, the head of National Microbiology Reference Laboratory (NMRL), reckons the laboratory plays a crucial role \u201cfor patient care\u201d and that \u201cantibiotics are used irrationally\u201d once laboratories are side-stepped.<\/p>\n<p>Higher death risks<\/p>\n<p>Prof Majalija of Makerere University said the problem of AMR cuts across both humans and animals, thus the need for a one-health approach to combat.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWhen a drug is misused in the animals, for example, if you give to chicken, cattle and dog, the same bacteria which live in the chicken and cattle they jump and go to human beings, carrying the same drug resistance,\u201d he said, adding that all attempts have to be made to ensure that drug-resistant infectious agents don\u2019t reach the human being.<\/p>\n<p><b>ALSO READ:<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Experts warn of another Covid wave<\/p>\n<p>Dr Byanyima said patients grappling with AMR often spend more time in hospital and they require more expensive medicines because cheaper drugs are not effective on them.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe have a unit where we have a microbiologist. So we do culture and sensitivity [tests to determine the effective medicine for the disease]\u2026we want to again study and see [the burden of drug resistance],\u201d she said.<\/p>\n<p>According to Mr Robin Obura, a laboratory expert\u2014who does culture and sensitivity tests in Lira\u2014 they charge anywhere between Shs60,000 to Shs80,000 per test.<\/p>\n<p>Common diseases that may not respond to drugs include pneumonia from an infectious agent called Klebsiella pneumoniae.<\/p>\n<p>The Health sector performance report for 2020\/2021 indicates that it is the second leading cause of hospital admission deaths, accounting for 2,944 mortalities. Malaria, a disease which Dr Betty Balikagala\u2014in 2019\u2014found evidence of resistance to the commonly used artemisinin drug, was the leading cause of hospital admissions and deaths in 2020\/2021 at 5,017 mortalities.<\/p>\n<p>At least 45,042 people died in hospitals in 2019\/2020 while in 2020\/2021, the number increased to 45,990.<\/p>\n<p>The Uganda Aids Commission has also reported issues of resistance of the HIV to antiretroviral treatment.<\/p>\n<p>Dr Najjuka said drug resistance is also very high in Staphylococcus aurous, another common infectious agent, which causes abscesses or swellings and is often found in small wounds on the body.<\/p>\n<p><b>ALSO READ:<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Uganda\u2019s Covid-19 battle hit by \u2018misinformation pandemic\u2019<\/p>\n<p>She revealed that another type of infectious agent, pseudomonas, which is normally found in patients that are critically ill has also shown significant levels of drug resistance.<\/p>\n<p>No new antibiotics<\/p>\n<p>Prof Majalija believes people should tread carefully because the rate at which antibiotics are being developed has declined.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cOver the last 20 years, there has not been any new antibiotic because of the expense and the small global market,\u201d he revealed.<\/p>\n<p>Prof Majalija said due to AMR some drugs like penicillin have become so weak and they have been phased out. Amoxicillin, a drug for treating cough and bacterial infection, has also become \u201cvery weak.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>To address the AMR problem, Dr Lisa Nelson\u2014the CDC country director\u2014advises that Uganda \u201cinvest[s] in critical capacity\u2026to understand where these threats are going.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>She is nonetheless heartened to observe that Uganda is heading \u201cin the right direction by having a College of American Pathologists accredited facility [National Microbiology Reference Laboratory], which can produce internationally recognisable antimicrobial resistance results.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>To that end, Dr Byanyima says Mulago hospital has \u201cof recent\u2026tried to be strict on prescription habits.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The Health ministry has also put in place an antimicrobial committee that responds to empirical data.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe want to caution our people to take very seriously the issue of prescriptive medicines and stick to taking prescribed medicines of the right doses and the right number of days,\u201d Dr Aceng concluded.<\/p>\n<p>Can herbal medicine come to the rescue?<\/p>\n<p>Dr Daniel Lule, a doctor at Aloesha Organic\u2014a herbal [alternative] medicine facility in Kampala\u2014told Sunday Monitor that they receive many patients who are swapping synthetic drugs for herbal medicines.<\/p>\n<p>He, however, warned that herbal medicine will not be a soft landing forever because either branch of medicine uses the same ingredients. For now, though, he is happy that \u201cpeople who are coming [for herbal medicine] after the [synthetic] drugs have failed to heal them, are getting healed.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>He adds: \u201cThis could be because the molecules in our herbs are different from those in the drugs they were taking.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><b>READ MORE<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Medicines you should not give to your baby<\/p>\n<p>Home remedies for children<\/p>\n<p>There is a milky discharge from my baby\u2019s ears<\/p>\n<p><strong>For More News And Analysis About <a href=\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/uganda\">Uganda<\/a> Follow <a href=\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/\">Africa-Press<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Africa-Press &#8211; Uganda. Health experts in Uganda have warned that the country is registering worrying increases in death and cost of healthcare because of drug-resistant infections. This follows a new study conducted in Uganda and 203 other countries, which indicates that infections with drug resistant-bacteria caused about 1.2 million deaths in 2019\u2014 more deaths than [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":84,"featured_media":28303,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,3,8],"tags":[233,240,234],"class_list":["post-28304","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-all-news","category-community","category-homepage-english","tag-africa-press","tag-africa-press-uganda","tag-uganda"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.1 (Yoast SEO v27.0) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Rise in antibiotic resistance has health officials worried - Uganda<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Health experts in Uganda have warned that the country is registering worrying increases in death and cost of healthcare ...\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/uganda\/all-news\/rise-in-antibiotic-resistance-has-health-officials-worried\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Rise in antibiotic resistance has health officials worried\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Health experts in Uganda have warned that the country is registering worrying increases in death and cost of healthcare ...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/uganda\/all-news\/rise-in-antibiotic-resistance-has-health-officials-worried\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Uganda\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AfricaPressTunisiaa\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-03-20T12:07:49+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/static.africa-press.net\/uganda\/sites\/34\/2022\/03\/img-623706bfa70f3.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"688\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"cfeditoren\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"cfeditoren\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/uganda\/all-news\/rise-in-antibiotic-resistance-has-health-officials-worried#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/uganda\/all-news\/rise-in-antibiotic-resistance-has-health-officials-worried\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"cfeditoren\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/uganda\/#\/schema\/person\/068c7ab4e9634ae78ec5d54ec46598bb\"},\"headline\":\"Rise in antibiotic resistance has health officials worried\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-03-20T12:07:49+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/uganda\/all-news\/rise-in-antibiotic-resistance-has-health-officials-worried\"},\"wordCount\":1278,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/uganda\/all-news\/rise-in-antibiotic-resistance-has-health-officials-worried#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/static.africa-press.net\/uganda\/sites\/34\/2022\/03\/img-623706bfa70f3.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Africa Press\",\"Africa Press-Uganda\",\"uganda\"],\"articleSection\":[\"all news\",\"community\",\"homepage-english\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/uganda\/all-news\/rise-in-antibiotic-resistance-has-health-officials-worried#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/uganda\/all-news\/rise-in-antibiotic-resistance-has-health-officials-worried\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/uganda\/all-news\/rise-in-antibiotic-resistance-has-health-officials-worried\",\"name\":\"Rise in antibiotic resistance has health officials worried - 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