{"id":72572,"date":"2024-05-03T19:37:10","date_gmt":"2024-05-03T19:37:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/uganda\/?p=72572"},"modified":"2024-05-03T19:07:31","modified_gmt":"2024-05-03T19:07:31","slug":"heart-disease-nine-ways-to-protect-yourself","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/uganda\/all-news\/heart-disease-nine-ways-to-protect-yourself","title":{"rendered":"Heart disease: Nine ways to protect yourself"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Uganda. <\/strong><\/span>Figures from the World Heart Observatory, a global data platform run by the World Heart Federation, indicate that Uganda\u2019s annual heart and circulatory disease deaths doubled in the last three decades.<\/b><\/p>\n

The deaths increased from 14,463 to 28,149 between 1990 and 2019, according to our assessment of the data from the Observatory.<\/p>\n

Scientifically known as cardiovascular diseases, heart and circulatory diseases, include a range of conditions such as coronary heart disease, heart attack, stroke, heart failure, rheumatic heart disease, and congenital heart disease.<\/p>\n

Heart specialists say the rising deaths signal increasing risk factors and limited effectiveness of prevention strategies as the country experiences a rise in population, urbanisation, a sedentary lifestyle, and a shift in food preferences.<\/p>\n

\u201cHeart disease is the number one cause of death worldwide. High blood pressure and its complications is the most common [cause of] heart disease worldwide,\u201d Dr Emmy Okello, a senior consultant cardiologist at Uganda Heart Institute (UHI) told this publication.<\/p>\n

Dr Okello continued: \u201cNumber two is Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD). Number three is diseases of heart muscles, also called cardiomyopathies. And then number four, you have congenital heart disease.\u201d<\/p>\n

Dr Tom Mwambu, another senior consultant cardiologist at the Institute, said it\u2019s important to prevent CVDs because managing severe cases requiring surgery can cost over Shs20 million in East African countries.<\/p>\n

He said that although some conditions like congenital heart disease might not be prevented, \u201cthe majority of the heart disease we are seeing now is acquired due to lifestyle change.\u201d<\/p>\n

This, the specialists who talked to this publication over the subject, prescribed at least nine ways Ugandans can minimise their risk of developing cardiovascular diseases and also living longer for those already affected.<\/p>\n

Prevention<\/b>
\nTake rest, avoid stress<\/b><\/p>\n

\u201cWe should avoid so much stressful situations and try to get time to relax. Stress in many times may lead to high blood pressure and high blood pressure strains the heart a lot causing heart failure,\u201d Dr Tom Mwambu, senior consultant cardiologist, said.<\/p>\n

Dr Diana Atwine, the permanent secretary of the Ministry of Health advised people to develop the habit of being happy.<\/p>\n

\u201cSome people are full of stress and they frown all the time. Every time you are under stress, your body produces stress hormones that can make you get conditional high blood pressure. Those who know God should trust Him and feel nice. Just live a happy life, you don\u2019t need to be very rich to live a happy life, even in your simple ways, just live a happy life,\u201d Dr Atwine said.<\/p>\n

However, Dr Kenneth Kalani, a psychiatrist at the Health Ministry, also said stress can be associated with realities such as economic hardships causing \u201chardship in accessing basic needs such as food and other social welfare such as paying school fees.\u201d<\/p>\n

Avoid being overweight<\/b><\/p>\n

Dr Omagino said lack of physical activity and eating unhealthy diets \u2013increase the chance of obesity which is a risk factor for CVD. He said they are concerned about the rising number of children who are overweight.<\/p>\n

He advised schools to give time for physical exercise and regulate what children eat to minimize unhealthy foods that make them develop obesity. He also appealed to the government to close schools that don\u2019t have space for physical exercise.<\/p>\n

According to Dr Omagino, about 36 percent of children in schools are overweight. The recent Uganda Demographic and Health Survey report for 2022, also shows there is a rise in obesity in the general population from 17 percent to 26 percent in the last 17 years.<\/p>\n

On prevention of CVDs, Dr Charles Oyoo Akiya, the commissioner for non-communicable disease prevention at the Ministry, called for modification of lifestyles and minimise stress levels.<\/p>\n

He advised people to start \u201ceating healthy foods, doing exercises for 30 minutes per day without necessarily going to gyms but instead within the comfort of your room including walking.\u201d<\/p>\n

Dr Elias Sebatta, another heart specialist at UHI, said: \u201cWeight is also an issue where people who are obese are at much higher risks of getting high blood pressure and diabetes and this kind of obesity with so-called pot belly are more vulnerable.\u201d<\/p>\n

Stop smoking <\/b><\/p>\n

Other than regulating salt consumption, Dr Mwambu said stopping tobacco smoking is essential.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe should avoid smoking tobacco as well as taking alcohol because these are real risk factors for heart disease. Tobacco can cause you what we call a tobacco heart, which is a very big, weak heart. It can also cause abnormal metabolism of your fat, which can be deposited in the small blood vessels of the heart and end up with heart attacks,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n

Eat less salt<\/b><\/p>\n

Dr Mwambu said excess salt will lead to high blood pressure. \u201cAnd eventually your heart will not be able to pump. It will fail because it\u2019s pumping against a very high resistance or a high pressure,\u201d he added.<\/p>\n

How to curb heart disease at an early stage \u2014 doctor<\/p>\n

Chest pain: Why it is not always about the heart<\/p>\n

Heart diseases on the rise, raise your activity level – Experts<\/p>\n

To understand the level of salt consumption among Ugandans, researchers in 2014 and 2015 assessed 24-hour urine sodium levels as an index of dietary salt consumption among poststroke patients in Mulago Hospital with and without a history of hypertension in Uganda. Sodium is a component of salt.<\/p>\n

The researchers noted that taking excess salt \u201cincreases risk of cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and premature death.\u201d<\/p>\n

They said they found that the \u201cmean daily sodium excretion levels as assessed by 24-hour urine were high (more than 8.5 grams of sodium\/day) in 65.0 percent versus 44.6 percent [of] cases [patients] and controls, respectively.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cA majority (71.5 percent versus 57.1 percent) of poststroke cases and controls had urine sodium levels equivalent to a daily salt consumption in excess of the WHO recommendation of less than 5 grams \/day salt,\u201d the 2016 report by Dr Martin Kaddumukasa and colleagues reads.<\/p>\n

Information from the WHO website indicates that the global health agency \u201crecommends less than 2000 milligrams (or 2 grammes) per day of sodium (equivalent to less than 5 grams\/day salt (just under a teaspoon).\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cFor children aged 2\u201315 years, WHO recommends adjusting the adult dose downward based on their energy requirements,\u201d the information from the global health agency reads further.<\/p>\n

Avoid infections<\/p>\n

Prof Nelson Sewankambo, who is a principal investigator in the Impact Training Program of Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD) at Makerere\u2019s College of Health Sciences, said the country is struggling with the burden of heart disease which is linked to bacterial infection.<\/p>\n

\u201cRheumatic Heart Disease is due to a bacteria. Developed countries used to have RHD but it has gone down, they don\u2019t see it. The disease can be prevented so that people don\u2019t get the bacteria that causes it and the treatment is simple: it\u2019s penicillin, a cheap medicine,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n

He said they are training health workers to detect and treat rheumatic fever which is the cause of RHD.<\/p>\n

Dr Okello explained that the RHD starts as a bacterial infection.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe bacteria is called Strep A. It\u2019s common in children between five and 15 years. So, you know, children who are going to school, nursery and primary school, they\u2019re sharing cups, they have flu,\u201d he explains.<\/p>\n

\u201cThis strep A bacteria which starts the process, spreads easily where children are overcrowded, malnourished, and when the houses they live in are poorly ventilated,\u201d he added.<\/p>\n

He observed that the infection usually manifests in a sore throat.<\/p>\n

\u201cMost times sore throat is caused by a virus. But in certain people, about half of them, it\u2019s caused by bacteria. When they\u2019re infected with bacteria, the body forms antibodies against the bacteria,\u201d he explained.<\/p>\n

Dr Okello continued: \u201cBut then because there are certain similarities between the wall of this bacteria and the body, there is some sort of collateral damage. The body sends antibodies against the bacteria, but ends up damaging its own tissues.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cThe most affected is the heart, and then the joints, and then the brain. So in a classical setting, you get a child who has early rheumatic fever. They have a fever, the joints are painful, and the child has behavioural changes because the thing is affecting the brain. Then over time, the heart valves get damaged and they start going into heart failure,\u201d he added.<\/p>\n

Watch your diet<\/b><\/p>\n

\u201cWe should eat less fat and less sugar because excess sugar is converted into fat. Excess fat is going to block the vessels in your heart and give you heart attacks and cause many other problems,\u201d Dr Mwambu advised.<\/p>\n

According to information from the World Health Organisation (WHO), a healthy diet that reduces the risk of CVD is that which is full of vegetables and fruits, and has energy giving food and proteins.<\/p>\n

The World Heart Federation (WHF) describes unhealthy diets as those foods \u201chigh in sugars, saturated fats (found in fatty cuts of meat, ice-cream, milkshakes, cakes); and trans-fats (which are found in deep fried foods like chicken, fish and chips), low fibre foods (highly refined flour) and high-sugar drinks.\u201d<\/p>\n

Avoid alcohol<\/b><\/p>\n

On alcohol, Dr Mwambu said alcohol can also make the heart weaker. \u201cAlcohol in itself is toxic. It is not very well known how exactly it causes the weakening of the heart. But there is a very high association between alcohol and heart disease,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n

Dr Hasfa Lukwata, the acting assistant commissioner for the mental health division at the Health ministry, said in terms of alcohol Uganda is \u201cthe highest in the region –Africa. For tobacco, we are seeing a tobacco reduction.\u201d<\/p>\n

Preventing heart defects in babies<\/b><\/p>\n

Dr Mwambu said: \u201cThere are areas where it is very difficult for us to prevent. For example, congenital heart disease, sometimes we don\u2019t know the exact cause. But we also know that there are a few drugs that a pregnant woman may take and they cause an abnormality in the child. But these are very few,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n

According to information from the United Kingdom\u2019s National Health Service (NHS), Congenital heart disease is caused when something disrupts the normal development of the heart.<\/p>\n

The agency said it is thought that most cases occur when \u201csomething affects the heart\u2019s development during the first six weeks of pregnancy.\u201d<\/p>\n

The agency states since \u201cthere are several medicines linked to an increased risk of a baby being born with congenital heart disease\u201d, one should speak to the doctor or pharmacist if they\u2019re unsure about which medicines should be avoided during pregnancy.<\/p>\n

Among the drugs highlighted by NHS as linked to increased risk of the condition are \u201ccertain anti-seizure medicines \u2013 such as benzodiazepines (for example diazepam); certain acne medicines \u2013 such as isotretinoin and topical retinoid; ibuprofen \u2013 women who take the painkiller ibuprofen when they are 30 or more weeks pregnant have an increased risk of having a baby with a heart problem.\u201d<\/p>\n

The NHS indicated that \u201cparacetamol [such as Panadol] is a safer alternative to ibuprofen during pregnancy, although ideally, you should avoid taking any medicines while you\u2019re pregnant, particularly during the first 3 months of pregnancy.\u201d<\/p>\n

Dr Sebatta also said late-age pregnancies have to be avoided because there high chances of having changes in genes and giving birth to children with congenital heart diseases.<\/p>\n

\u201cWhen there is a family history of heart disease especially when they get married within the same society you find that this disease keeps on increasing when both parents have the genes that have exposure,\u201d he revealed.<\/p>\n

Frequent health checks<\/b><\/p>\n

Dr Omagino on the other hand advised the population to go for frequent health checks so that the disease can be detected early and reversed or treated.<\/p>\n

\u201cPeople are coming to the hospital when they are half-dead \u2013their heart is already broken down, their vessels, kidneys, and brain are half dead,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n

Dr Sebatta on the other hand, said people with the conditions should consistently take the medication to prevent further complications.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe should avoid people with heart problems getting into depression because they end up abandoning the medication and this puts their lives in danger because by the time they get back, you find that the problem has advanced,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n

For More News And Analysis About Uganda<\/a> Follow Africa-Press<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Uganda. Figures from the World Heart Observatory, a global data platform run by the World Heart Federation, indicate that Uganda\u2019s annual heart and circulatory disease deaths doubled in the last three decades. The deaths increased from 14,463 to 28,149 between 1990 and 2019, according to our assessment of the data from the Observatory. 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