{"id":54551,"date":"2023-12-24T21:01:29","date_gmt":"2023-12-24T21:01:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/zambia\/all-news\/refugees-caught-in-legal-crossfire"},"modified":"2023-12-24T21:21:59","modified_gmt":"2023-12-24T21:21:59","slug":"refugees-caught-in-legal-crossfire","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/zambia\/all-news\/refugees-caught-in-legal-crossfire","title":{"rendered":"Refugees Caught in Legal Crossfire"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Zambia. <\/strong><\/span>ON November 15, 2023, a coalition of 10 civil society organizations, led by the Zambian Civil Liberties Union (ZCLU), appeared before a parliamentary committee on legal affairs,<\/p>\n

governance, and human rights to express their support for the Citizenship of Zambia (Amendment) Bill No. 23 of 2023. It is crucial to note that the enactment of this bill will consequentially and significantly<\/p>\n

impact the implementation of the Refugees Act No. 1 of 2017. In Zambia, both the Constitution and the Refugees Act opened new doors for refugees to obtain Zambian citizenship. However, this opportunity was unintentionally restricted by the<\/p>\n

Citizenship of Zambia Act No. 33 of 2016, which inadvertently made the door to appear closed. During the tenure of the previous administration under Dr. Edgar Lungu, the law was made<\/p>\n

to provide for refugees to lose the refugee status upon acquiring Zambian citizenship. Section 20(1)(c) of the Refugees Act provides as follows: \u201c20. (1) (c) A person shall cease to be a recognised refugee for purposes of<\/p>\n

this Act if that person becomes a citizen of Zambia…and enjoys the protection of the country of that person\u2019s new nationality.\u201d For refugees, the route to Zambian citizenship is exclusively through registration under<\/p>\n

Article 37 of the Constitution and Section 17 of the Citizenship of Zambia Act. This process is contingent upon the refugee applicant meeting the specified standards outlined in Article<\/p>\n

37 of the Constitution and Sections 17, 18, and 19 of the Citizenship of Zambia Act. Additionally, Section 49 of the Refugees Act empowers the Minister of Home Affairs and<\/p>\n

Internal Security to naturalize refugees, thereby conferring upon them Zambian citizenship. It is worth noting that Section 49(2) directs the Commissioner for Refugees in the following<\/p>\n

instructive manner: \u201c49. (2) The Commissioner shall assist a person who has ceased to be recognised refugee who has met the conditions for the acquisition of Zambian<\/p>\n

citizenship to acquire citizenship.\u201d However, as stated above, this constitutional door for refugees to acquire the citizenship appear to have been closed by the Citizenship of Zambia Act when it introduced limitation<\/p>\n

which were not envisaged or required by the Constitution. Foreign nationals who hold resident permits, excluding refugees, are the only ones categorized as eligible to apply for Zambian citizenship.<\/p>\n

As the reader may now, Refugees in Zambia are not provided with resident permits but refugee permits which lawfully makes them to ordinarily reside in Zambia.<\/p>\n

Residence permits are issued to economic migrants such as investors or those coming to work in gainful employment and are holders of employment permits.<\/p>\n

The determination of citizenship application eligibility in Zambia currently hinges on the possession of a residence permit, as stipulated by the definition of \u201cordinarily residence\u201d in<\/p>\n

the Citizenship of Zambia Act. This particular provision overlooks a crucial aspect: the 2017 Refugees law, which rightfully recognizes refugees as ordinarily residing in Zambia, even in the absence of residence<\/p>\n

permits. The above oversight creates a disparity that impacts refugees, who, despite being recognized as ordinarily resident, are excluded due to the specific requirements of the<\/p>\n

Citizenship Act. It is crucial to reiterate that the exclusive avenue for refugees to acquire Zambian citizenship, as outlined in Section 20(1)(c) of the Act, is through the application process for<\/p>\n

citizenship by registration. Given that refugees who possess refugee permits and fulfill the criteria specified in Article 37 do not hold residence permits, the hope for rectifying this situation lies in the potential<\/p>\n

enactment of the Citizenship of Zambia (Amendment) Bill into law. This bill, if passed, promises to synchronize the definitional aspects of the Citizenship of<\/p>\n

Zambia Act No. 33 of 2016 with those of the Constitution of Zambia. Such alignment could pave the way for a more inclusive and equitable process, acknowledging the unique circumstances of refugees and facilitating their path to Zambian<\/p>\n

citizenship. Notably, when the Citizenship of Zambia Act was formulated in 2016 incorporated a specific definition of the term \u201cordinarily resident,\u201d which is different from the definition<\/p>\n

provided in the Constitution. In defining the words \u201cordinarily resident,\u201d the Act enacted that a person should have been \u201ca resident in Zambia and is a holder of a residence permit issued under the Immigration and<\/p>\n

Deportation Act, 2010.\u201d This definition in the Act amended the definition of ordinarily resident as contained in the Constitution itself. In defining the words, ordinarily resident, Article 266 of the Constitution<\/p>\n

expressly states: \u201c266. In this Constitution, unless the context otherwise requires\u2014 \u2018Ordinarily resident\u2019 means residing in a place for a prescribed period of<\/p>\n

time.\u201d In this definition, the determination of whether an individual has ordinarily been a resident in Zambia is based on the period during which the person has been residing in a place,<\/p>\n

rather than on whether the person holds a residence permit. When using the term \u201cprescribed,\u201d this definition would typically imply that the timeframe<\/p>\n

within which a person must have been living in Zambia should be specified by an Act of Parliament. However, it is essential to clarify that prescribing the period of time for which one has been<\/p>\n

residing in Zambia does not extend to amending the definition in the Constitution itself, which includes the requirement of holding a residence permit.<\/p>\n

Given that an individual must reside in a place for \u201ca prescribed period of time,\u201d the question arises: where should the period within which a person would be entitled to apply for<\/p>\n

registration as a citizen be specified? The term \u201cprescribe\u201d is defined by Article 266 of the Constitution, indicating that, unless the context requires otherwise, \u201cprescribed\u201d means provided for in an Act of Parliament.<\/p>\n

An examination of Sections 17 to 19 of the Citizenship of Zambia Act reveals no explicit prescription of the period. Notably, Section 17 of the Act refers back to the Constitution,<\/p>\n

stating that a person qualifying for registration as a citizen under Article 37 of the Constitution may apply to the Board under this Part. Section 17 reads:<\/p>\n

\u201c17. A person who qualifies to be registered as a citizen by registration in accordance with Article 37 of the Constitution may apply to the Board under this Part.\u201d<\/p>\n

Article 37 of the Constitution autonomously establishes the duration for which an individual must reside in a place to qualify for citizenship registration. The constitutional provision<\/p>\n

imposes a mandatory age requirement, stipulating that the applicant must have attained the age of 18. Upon meeting the age prerequisite, Article 37 further delineates the specific periods of<\/p>\n

residence required for different scenarios outlined in clauses (a) to (c). For instance, an 18-year-old born in Zambia only needs to have resided in the country for a<\/p>\n

minimum of five years to qualify, without the necessity of holding a residence permit, as suggested by the Citizenship of Zambia Act\u2019s definition of \u201cordinarily resident.\u201d<\/p>\n

In another scenario, an 18-year-old born outside Zambia but with an ancestor who is or was a citizen is also required to have resided in Zambia for at least five years.<\/p>\n

The Constitution itself prescribes the timeframe in the third instance, where a person attains the age of eighteen and has been continuously residing in Zambia for at least ten<\/p>\n

years, making them eligible to apply for citizenship. Despite the use of the term \u201cprescribed\u201d in the definition of \u201cordinarily resident\u201d in Article 266, the Constitution independently prescribes timeframes on multiple occasions. For<\/p>\n

example, Article 66(6) specifies that if the President does not assent to a Bill within the periods \u201cprescribed in clauses (1) and (4),\u201d the Bill is considered assented to upon the expiry<\/p>\n

of those periods. It is important to note that, in certain instances, the term \u201cprescribed\u201d in the Constitution implies the act of prescription by the Constitution itself, unless a constitutional article<\/p>\n

explicitly states \u201cas prescribed\u201d in which case reference must be made to an Act of Parliament. Before we leave this topic, Article 37 introduces an additional nuance, stating that a person<\/p>\n

meeting the qualifications in Article 37(a)(b)(c) is entitled to apply to be registered as a citizen \u201cimmediately preceding that person\u2019s application for registration, as prescribed.\u201d<\/p>\n

In this context, the term \u201cas prescribed\u201d pertains to the application for registration. The process and requirements for submitting an application for registration are mandated to be<\/p>\n

specified by an Act of Parliament. This emphasizes that the legislative framework, rather than the conditions of ordinary residence or length of stay, must govern the application process.<\/p>\n

As a result of legislative changes between 2016 to 2017, there exists a category of foreign nationals in Zambia who are now eligible to apply for citizenship, even if they do not possess<\/p>\n

resident permits such as refugees who are ordinarily resident but are holders of refugee permits. It is evident at this point that the definition of \u201cordinarily residence\u201d in the Constitution was<\/p>\n

carefully crafted to accommodate various categories of individuals, including refugees, who may apply for citizenship through registration. The Refugees Act explicitly acknowledged this new opportunity for refugees to acquire<\/p>\n

Zambian citizenship. However, the realization of this provision has been hindered by the conflicting definition of \u201cordinarily residence\u201d in the Act, which contradicts the constitutional<\/p>\n

definition. The previous Patriotic Front (PF) administration, despite enacting these provisions in the Refugees Act, appeared hesitant to implement the changes they had introduced.<\/p>\n

Between 2017 and the PF exit from power in 2021, no refugees were naturalized, and none were assisted in acquiring Zambian citizenship by the former President and his team,<\/p>\n

consisting of the Ministers of Home Affairs, Justice, and the Commissioner for Refugees. The upcoming consideration of the Citizenship of Zambia (Amendment) Bill No. 23 in<\/p>\n

Parliament on November 29, 2023, along with the Committee\u2019s Report, will be a crucial moment. It will be interesting to observe the level of debate and whether the new administration,<\/p>\n

under the leadership of Republican President Hakainde Hichilema, will demonstrate the courage that was seemingly lacking in the previous regime to swiftly implement changes and<\/p>\n

uphold the spirit of the law. The parliamentary proceedings will also shed light on whether the Members of Parliament are well-informed about the legal requirements placed on the government, particularly the<\/p>\n

Minister of Home Affairs and the Commissioner, to facilitate refugees in acquiring Zambian citizenship. This legislative development will play a key role in determining the practical implications<\/p>\n

and enforcement of the law in this regard. It is essential for our parliamentarians to recognize that refugees should not be treated as fugitives. Neither are they investors or economic migrants. Refugees should not be subject<\/p>\n

to the requirement of possessing resident permits as defined in our Immigration law. Refugees, who have established ordinary residence in Zambia and fulfill the criteria<\/p>\n

outlined in both Article 17 of the Constitution and Sections 17, 18, and 19 of the Citizenship of Zambia Act, deserve the opportunity to apply for citizenship.<\/p>\n

The evaluation of citizenship applications by refugees should be conducted on a case-by- case basis, acknowledging the unique circumstances and challenges faced by refugees. Re-<\/p>\n

opening doors for refugees to make applications for citizenship would signify a commitment to fairness, justice, and the humane treatment of those who have sought refuge in our country.<\/p>\n

For More News And Analysis About Zambia<\/a> Follow Africa-Press<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Zambia. ON November 15, 2023, a coalition of 10 civil society organizations, led by the Zambian Civil Liberties Union (ZCLU), appeared before a parliamentary committee on legal affairs, governance, and human rights to express their support for the Citizenship of Zambia (Amendment) Bill No. 23 of 2023. It is crucial to note that […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":84,"featured_media":54549,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,25,6],"tags":[234,235,233],"class_list":["post-54551","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-all-news","category-featured","category-files","tag-africa-press","tag-africa-press-zambia","tag-zambia"],"yoast_head":"\nRefugees Caught in Legal Crossfire - Zambia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"ON November 15, 2023, a coalition of 10 civil society organizations, led by the Zambian Civil Liberties Union (ZCLU), ap ...\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/zambia\/all-news\/refugees-caught-in-legal-crossfire\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Refugees Caught in Legal Crossfire\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"ON November 15, 2023, a coalition of 10 civil society organizations, led by the Zambian Civil Liberties Union (ZCLU), ap ...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/zambia\/all-news\/refugees-caught-in-legal-crossfire\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Zambia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AfricaPressTunisiaa\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-12-24T21:01:29+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-12-24T21:21:59+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/static.africa-press.net\/zambia\/sites\/35\/2023\/12\/sm_1703440049.635003.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"720\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"479\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"cfeditoren\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"cfeditoren\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"9 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/zambia\/all-news\/refugees-caught-in-legal-crossfire#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/zambia\/all-news\/refugees-caught-in-legal-crossfire\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"cfeditoren\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/zambia\/#\/schema\/person\/068c7ab4e9634ae78ec5d54ec46598bb\"},\"headline\":\"Refugees Caught in Legal Crossfire\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-12-24T21:01:29+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-12-24T21:21:59+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/zambia\/all-news\/refugees-caught-in-legal-crossfire\"},\"wordCount\":1809,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/zambia\/all-news\/refugees-caught-in-legal-crossfire#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/static.africa-press.net\/zambia\/sites\/35\/2023\/12\/sm_1703440049.635003.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Africa Press\",\"Africa Press-Zambia\",\"Zambia\"],\"articleSection\":[\"all news\",\"Featured\",\"files\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/zambia\/all-news\/refugees-caught-in-legal-crossfire#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/zambia\/all-news\/refugees-caught-in-legal-crossfire\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/zambia\/all-news\/refugees-caught-in-legal-crossfire\",\"name\":\"Refugees Caught in Legal Crossfire - 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