Africa-Press – South-Sudan. By Ezekiel Lol Gatkuoth
During the SPLM Reunification meetings in Entebbe, Uganda in 2018 hosted by H.E. General Yoweri Kaguta Museveni the President of the Republic of Uganda unveiled models that are being practice in Africa now to perfect Democracy. He talked of four models. Model One (1)
The model one (1) is the total State Collapse, the Somaliaism. After the fall of the government of Siad Barri in 1991, the Somalia State has decended into civil war that lasted nearly three decades, the longest civil war in the horn of Africa.While Somalia is ethnically, religiously, and linguistically homogenous, the country’s population is divided into clans who can draw their lineage back to common ancestors. The clan politics became the identity and the driving forces behind the violence which displaced millions and exiled many Somalians. After so many attempts by Somalians themselves and by IGAD and African Union and the UN, a solution was crafted and Somalia return to the path of State Rebuilding. The most stable, economically viable and military strong Somalia was reduced to ashes. Somalians are now trying to rebuild their Country from scratch with the help of AU (AMISSOM), IGAD and UN.
This is the Factionalism/Warlordism. The SPLM/SPLA, the liberation movement and the revolutionary vehincle which liberated the people of South Sudan from marginalisation by the successive regimes in Sudan split in December 2013 and many factions formed the bulk of the oppositions such as SPLM/SPLA-IO, Former Detainees (FDs), National Salvation Front (NAS), Real-SPLM and South Sudan United Movevemnt/Army (SSUM/.
According to President Museveni, this is where the power of the guns determine your role in the government and get your percentages based on the military strength you have. This is the State of affairs in the Republic of South Sudan. Everyone want to rebel and fight the government, make peace and come back with inflated ranks. They are integrated back into the National Army, Police, National Security and other organised forces.
The Tribal Democracy is a model where tribes build alliances to capture state power through election and coalition government in the event of political dispute contesting the results. According to President Museveni, this is the Kenya model which has maintained peace and stability in the Country through out despite some political hiccups characterised by violence. This tribal alliances of Kikuyu with Kelinjin, Kikuyu with Luhya and Lou with Kelinjin had maintained peace in Kenya.
The Developmental State and Progressive Ideas Democracy is the model which give the people an opportunity to vote based on ideology of that party and ideas to develop the State. According to President Museveni, this is Uganda and South Africa model.
President Museveni went on to advise the SPLM Leaders in Entebbe to graduate from Factional and warlords system to “Tribal Democracy” of Kenya where tribes can create alliances, Dinka with Nuer, Dinka with Bari, Nuer with Lotuho and etc, to capture state power without violence. This is better than fighting yourselves all the time and people are dying. From tribal democracy then South Sudan can slowly progress to real democracy where parties are voted based on ideas and what they can offer to people.
I agree with uncle Museveni that violent is not helping us nor our neighbours. For South Sudan to be stable, secure, peaceful and economically viable, model four is the best way to go. Since we are young Country coming out of war, developmental State model is the fastest way to build our Country and catch up with the rest of the World. It is through Developmental State model that we can be able to address the issues of poverty, cattle rustling, intra-communal conflicts and rebellion. Through developmental State model, we will be able to build strong institutions that shall facilitate and fast track our developmental agenda in the fastest way possible since we have all the resources, both human and materials.
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